
Sfass— & 13 / 
Book ^JEl£A£ 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



MOSS'S QUESTIONS. 

GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS 



TO ACCOMPANY 



SMITH'S QUARTO GEOGRAPHY, 



BT 



WILLIAM P. MOSS, JR., 



PRINCIPAL N. Y. WARD SCHOOL NO. TWENTY 




NEW YORK : 
CADY «j BURGESS, 60 JOHN STREET. 






% > 



Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1851, by 

WILLIAM P. MOSS, Jr., 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the 

Southern District of New York. 



Cc/3/ 



S. W. BENEDICT. 
Printer. 16 Spruce-Stryv 



PREFACE. 



At the suggestion of several Teachers, we have prepared this 
little Manual of Map Exercises as a Supplement to Smith's 
Quarto Geography. These, with the Primary or First Book, 
make a complete Common-School Series. We have endea- 
vored to make the book as full as the importance of the sub- 
ject demands ; yet have been careful to keep from it those little 
tedious particulars with which works of the kind too frequently 
abound, and which are altogether foreign to the science of 
which they purport to treat. 

C ur suggestions will be few, for every teacher has his own 
way of imparting instruction, and of course deems his own 
s best. At the risk, however, of trespassing on forbid- 
ound, we will recommend (at the request of a kind 
) teachers to ask the same questions in different forms, 
lis means they may determine whether their pupils have 
learning the ideas, or merely the answers to the questions, 
e \Yould further recommend weekly reviews, and the fre- 
quent writing of geographical compositions. 
New York, January 10, 1851. 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 



LESSON L 

GEOGRAPHY. 

1. Geography is a description of the earth's surface. 

2. Its divisions are Mathematical, Natural and 
Political Geography. 

3. Mathematical Geography treats of the form and 
measurement of the earth's surface. 

4. Natural Geography treats of the elements of the 
earth's surface, and of their natural forms and divisions. 

5. Political Geography treats of the divisions of the 
earth's surface as marked by man for the purposes of 
government. 

MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

1 . The Earth is a sphere or globe, about twenty-five 
thousand miles in circumference, and eight thousand 
miles in diameter. 

2. It has a revolution, once in twenty-four hours, on 
its Axis, which produces the change from day to night. 
It has also an annual revolution around the sun, pro- 
ducing the change of season. 

3. The Axis is an imaginary straight line passing 
through its centre and terminated both ways by its sur- 
face. The extremities of the axis are called the Poles; 
they are distinguished as the North and the South Pole. 

1* 



6 

4. Equidistant from the poles, is the Equator, an 
imaginary line encircling the earth. 

5. Parallel to the equator, are other circles, called 
Parallels of Latitude. 

6. Cutting the Equator and the Parallels of Latitude at 
right angles, and passing through both Poles, are circles 
called Meridians. 

7. The use of these circles is to measure distances. 
In every circle there are 360 degrees ; each degree of 
the Great Circles of the Earth, — i. e., the Equator, and 
the Meridians, — contains 69 5 statute miles. 

8. Latitude is distance north or south from the Equa- 
tor, measured on a Meridian. " 

9. Longitude is distance east or west from the Prime 
Meridian, measured on the Equator. 

10. The Meridian passing through Greenwich, near 
London, is usually taken as the Prime Meridian ; 
though sometimes those of Washington and Paris are 
used for that purpose. 

1 1 . The Tropics are Parallels of Latitude 23£ degrees 
each way from the Equator. The northern one is called 
the Tropic of Cancer; the southern, the Tropic of 
Capricorn. 

12. The Polar Circles are other Parallels 23k degrees 
from the Poles. The northern is called the Arctic 
Circle; the southern, the Antarctic. 

13. The Tropics and Polar Circles, it will be seen, di- 
vide the earth into five Belts or Zones. 

14. The division lying between the Tropics, on account 
of its great heat, is called the Torrid Zone. 

15. The divisions lying between the Tropics and the 
Polar Circles are, on account of the mildness of their cli- 
mate, called the Temperate Zones. 

16. The divisions between the Polar Circles and the 
Poles are, on account of the intensity of their cold, called 
Frigid Zones. 



LESSON II. 
NATURAL GEOGRAPHY. 

LAND. 

1. The surface of the earth consists of land and water. 
There are three times more water than land. 

2. The principal Natural Divisions of Land, are 
Islands, Continents, Peninsulas, Capes, and Isthmuses. 

3. An Island is a body of land entirely surrounded by 
water. The largest islands are called Continents. 

4. A Peninsula is a body of land nearly surrounded 
by water. Small Peninsulas are called Capes. The 
neck of land which prevents a Peninsula from being an 
Island, and also connects it with the main land, is called 
an Isthmus. 

5. On the Earth's surface are found: Mountains, 
which are high elevations of land ; Volcanoes, moun- 
tains emitting flame, smoke, lava, ashes, &c; Deserts, 
barren tracts of sand, or rock ; and Oases, fertile lands 
surrounded by deserts, as islands are by water. 



6. The principal Natural Divisions of Water are 
Oceans, Seas, Gulfs or Bays, Archipelagoes, Straits, 
Lakes, and Rivers. 

7. Oceans are the largest divisions of water. 

8. Seas are divisions of water smaller than Oceans. 
Gulfs and Bays are divisions smaller than Seas. Seas 
thickly interspersed with Islands, are called Archipela- 
goes. This name is sometimes applied to islands. 

9. A narrow passage, connecting two larger bodies of 
water, is called a Strait. If the Strait is wide, it is 
called a Channel ; if so shallow that its depth can be 
measured, a Sound. 

10. The expansion of a River is called a Lake. A 



8 

large body of water entirely surrounded by land, is also 
called a Lake. The water of some Lakes is fresh ; but 
of others, salt. Salt Lakes are usually, but improperly, 
denominated Seas. 

1 1 . A River is a long stream of water, flowing through 
the land, into some larger body of water. Small Rivers 
are called Brooks, Creeks, and Rivulets. 

12. Havens, Harbors, Coves, Friths or Firths, and 
Inlets, are small bays, or straits, affording more or less 
security to vessels in time of storm. 



LESSON III: 
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

GOVERNMENT. 

1. There are three distinct forms of Government, viz., 
Monarchy, Aristocracy, and Democracy. 

2. Monarchy is that form of Government in which 
the power is vested in an hereditary emperor or king. 

3. When the power of the ruler is controlled by law, 
the Government is called a Limited Monarchy. 

4. A Government in which the ruler is superior to the 
law, is called a Despotism, or Absolute Monarchy. 

5. Aristocracy is that form of Government in which 
the power is either exercised by a few individuals collec- 
tively, or by one or more persons chosen by them for that 
purpose. 

6. Democracy is a Government of the people. A 
Pure Democracy is a Government in which the people 
meet in a body, make their own laws, and appoint their 
rulers. This can only be done in small communities ; in 
large communities, and where the people are scattered 
over an extensive district of country, it has been found 
convenient for the people to elect Representatives, who 



meet together to make laws and carry on the Govern- 
ment. This form of Government is called a Represent- 
ative Democracy. 

7. A State is a district of country under an organized 
Government. The Seat of Government for a State is 
called the Capital. 

8. An Empire is one or more States governed by an 
emperor. A Kingdom is a State governed by a king. 
A Republic is a State under a Democratic Government. 
The Free Cities of Europe, usually styled Republics, 
are more or less Aristocratic in their form of Government. 

9. A County is a subdivision of a State. A Township 
is a subdivision of a County. A City is a large, incor- 
porated town, with certain exclusive privileges. A Vil- 
lage is a small and scattered town. The name Town is 
frequently given to a large Village. 



LESSON IV. 
THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC. 

1 . The American Republic consists of several inde- 
pendent republican States, united under one government, 
for mutual protection and convenience ; it is hence called 
a Federal Republic. 

2. The States, in their independent capacity, make 
laws for their own government. The laws are made by 
the Legislature, or body of Representatives j and are 
administered by the Governor. But matters of general 
interest, appertaining to the welfare of the whole, are 
confided by the States to the General Government. 
Hence the United States Government controls foreign 
commerce, coins money, establishes mails, declares war, 
and makes peace. 

3. There are three distinct branches of Government in 
the American Republic, viz : Legislative, the power 



10 moss's questions. 

which makes laws ; Executive, the power which admin- 
isters laws ; and Judicial, the power which judges their 
validity, and decides disputes between individuals or 
States. 

4. The Legislative power is vested in Congress, which 
consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. 

5. Each State Legislature sends two Senators to Con- 
gress ; the Senate, therefore, represents the State Govern- 
ments. The Senators are chosen for a term of six years. 

6. The States are divided into Congressional Dis- 
tricts, so as to have about 70,680 inhabitants to each 
district. The voters of each of these districts elect a 
person to represent them for two years in Congress. All 
the Representatives combined constitute the House of 
Representatives . 

7. The Executive power is vested in a President, 
who, together with the Vice President, is chosen by the 
Colleges of Electors of the different States, for a term of 
four years. 

8. The Colleges of Electors are either chosen by the 
people of the several States, or appointed by their Legis- 
latures, as the State law may direct. Each State is enti- 
tled to as many Electors as it has Senators and Repre- 
sentatives in Congress. 

9. The Vice President presides over the Senate, and 
in case of a tie, has the casting vote. This makes him a 
Legislative officer. If the Presidency becomes vacant by 
death or other cause, the Vice President succeeds to the 
office. 

10. The Veto Power, which is Legislative, reposes in 
the hands of the President. 

11. The Senate is also partially Executive in its 
power ; for the President can appoint no one to office, 
nor make treaties, except " by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate." 

12. The Judicial power is vested in "one Supreme 
Court, and in such Inferior Courts as Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish." The Judges, both of 



moss's questions. 11 

the Supreme and Inferior Courts, are appointed by the 
President, " by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate," and hold office during good behavior. 



LESSON V. 

MAP OF THE WORLD. 

DIVISIONS OF LAND. 

How many grand divisions of land are there 1 Ans. 
Six ; North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and 
Oceanica. Name them in the order of their size, com- 
mencing with the largest. What continent do North and 
South America form ? Europe, Asia, and Africa ? What 
natural division is South America'? Africa? How is 
South America connected with the main land ? Africa 1 
Bound North America. South America. Europe. Asia. 
Africa. Of what does Oceanica consist, and where does it 
lie ? What is said, on the margin, of South America % 
Of Oceanica ? Of Europe ! Of Africa 1 Of Asia ? Of 
the Earth's surface 1 &c. 

ISLANDS. 

Name the largest island in the world. The next in 
size. By what other names are they known 1 What 
large island, or continent, southeast of Asia 1 What five 
islands directly north of it 1 What one south 1 What, 
off the east coast of Africa ? What cluster between 
North and South America ? What island east of Green- 
land ? What one at the mouth of the St. Lawrence river? 
What at the mouth of the Amazon % What two west of 
Europe? What two in the Pacific, near latitude 40° 
south 1 To what nation do they belong 1 What large 
body of land near the south pole ? What is said of it on 
the map ? What important cluster of islands in the Pa 



12 

cific, in latitude 20° north ? How many square miles do 
they contain, and what is their population ? What other 
groups in the Pacific ? What islands in the Arctic ocean, 
north of Europe ? What is the name of the largest of 
the Japan Islands ? Where is Terra del Fuego ? Mel- 
ville Island ? Bermudas ? To what nation do they be- 
long ? Falklands ? St. Helena? Bourbon? Formosa'? 
Cape Verde ? By what distinctive names are divisions of 
Oceanica known ? 



LESSON VI. 

MAP OF THE WORLD. 

DIVISIONS OF WATER. — OCEANS, 

How many oceans are there ? Name them in the order 
of their size. What one around the north pole 1 Around 
the south pole ? Between Asia and America? Between 
America, and Europe and Africa ? South of Asia ? How 
wide is the Pacific ? The Atlantic? The Indian ? By 
what other name is the Arctic frequently called? Ans< 
The Northern ocean. By what other name is the South- 
ern sometimes called I Ans. The Antarctic ocean. 

SEAS, BAYS, GULFS, ETC. 

What sea between Europe and Africa ? Between Africa 
and Asia? Between North and South America? What 
sea, bay, and gulf, south of Asia ? What sea and gulf 
southeast of Asia ? What six seas east of Asia ? What 
gulf north of Asia ? What two salt lakes or seas in the 
western part of Asia? What sea southeast of Europe ? 
What gulf south ? What bay, channel, and sea west ? 
What two seas north? What gulf west of Africa? 
What, south of North America ? What two bays north- 
east of North America ? What gulf and sea north of 
Australia ? 



13 



STRAITS, ETC. 

How is the Arctic connected with the Pacific ? Baffin's 
Bay with the Atlantic % Hudson's Bay with the Atlan- 
tic ? The Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic % The 
North Sea with the Atlantic on the south ? The Red Sea 
with the Indian Ocean ! What Strait between Sumatra 
and Asia, and what waters does it connect ? Where is 
the Strait of Sunda, and what waters does it connect ? 
Torres 1 Belleisle ? Cook's ? Magellan ? Where is 
the Aluetian Archipelago 1 Central ? Anson's ? Sol- 
omon's ! Ethiopian ? Magellan's ? 

LAKES AND RIVERS. 

Where is Lake Superior ? Slave Lake ? Lake Tchad 1 
Lake Baikal % Where is McKenzie's river, and into what 
larger body of water does it flow ? Columbia ? St. Law- 
rence ? Mississippi ? Missouri *? Orinoco 1 Amazon ? 
Madeira"? Tapajos ? Tocantins? Francisco'? Para- 
na? Rio de la Plata? Dnieper'? Don? Volga? 
Senegal? Niger? Congo? Nile? Orange? Obi? 
Irtysh? Yenesei? Lena? Ural? Indus? Ganges? 
Cambodia ? Yangtse ? Hoang Ho ? Amoor ? 



LESSON VII. 

MAP OF THE WORLD. 

GREAT AND SMALL CIRCLES, ZONES, ETC. 

What great circle divides the earth into two equal 
parts, called the Northern and Southern Hemispheres ? 
What are those small circles called, which pass around 
the earth parallel to the Equator ? Why do they not 
appear parallel on the map ? What is Latitude ? For 
what are the Parallels used ? What is the Axis of the 
Earth? What are its extremities called? What are 
2 



14 moss's questions. 

those great circles called which pass through the Poles 
and cut the Equator at right angles ? For what are they 
used % What is Longitude % What do you understand 
hy the Prime Meridian ? What Prime Meridian is gene- 
rally used % What others are sometimes used % In what 
is distance measured on the maps % How many miles in 
a degree ? How many degrees in a circle ? How many 
degrees from the Equator to the Poles ? How many 
miles % What part of a circle is the distance 1 What is 
the highest latitude I Suppose you were in latitude 89° 
north, and should continue to travel on in a right line for 
two degrees, in what latitude would you then be ? On 
what is latitude reckoned % On what is longitude ? If 
longitude is distance east or west from the prime meridian, 
what is the greatest longitude a place can have % What 
group of islands on this meridian, about 18 c south ? Is 
any part of Asia in west longitude ? Is America in east 
or west longitude 1 Central Archipelago % Sandwich 
Islands % Are the Washington Islands in north or south 
latitude % Christmas, and America ? What is the lati- 
tude of the Azores % What is the longitude ? Of Terra 
del Fuego % Isthmus of Darien ? Joannes Island ? What 
point on the globe has neither latitude nor latitude % 

ZONES. 

What are Zones 1 How many zones are there ? Where 
is the North Frigid Zone % South Frigid ? North Tem- 
perate"? South Temperate'? Torrid'? In what zone is 
the greater part of South America and Africa ? North 
America, Europe, and Asia % Australia 1 ? Madagascar"? 
Antartic continent % Greenland % In what zone are the 
United States 1 Great Britain % Borneo ? Patagonia % 
Spitzbergen % Victoria Land % What is the width of the 
Torrid Zone ! The North Temperate Zone ? The South 
Temperate Zone % The North Frigid Zone % The South 
Frigid Zone'? Which zone has always contained the 
most civilized and powerful nations % How do you ac- 
count for this % 



15 



TRAVELS. 



Through what waters and near what islands and capes 
you pass and what course wuld you take in a voyage 
from New York to Canton ? Chagres to New York % 
Constantinople to New York ? Charleston to Copenha- 
gen ? New Orleans to Odessa ! Quebec to Stockholm % 
St. Petersburg to Calcutta ? London to Cape Town 1 
London to Mecca % Bombay to London ? Panama to 
London % Dublin to Hobart Town % Liverpool to New 
Orleans % Liverpool to Columbia river ? Buenos Ayres 
to Liverpool ? Philadelphia to Manilla 1 Paris to Ba- 
tavia % Batavia to Lisbon ? Jeddo to Havana ? From 
San Francisco to New York % From London to Calcutta ? 
From Constantinople to St. Petersburg t From Stockholm 
to Valparaiso ? From Sandwich Islands to Van Dieman's 
Land? 

Note. — Let the teacher multiply questions like the fore- 
going ; they are of great value in testing a pupil's knowl- 
edge of Geography. 



LESSON VIII. 

MAP OF NORTH AMERICA. 

Bound North America. How is it divided 1 What divi- 
sion in the Northwest ? Northeast % North ? Middle % 
Southwest? South'? 

RUSSIAN POSSESSIONS. 

Land. — Bound the Russian Possessions. What capes 
in the north % In the west 1 Where is Mount St. Elias I 



16 moss's questions. 

How high is it ? Where is Mount Fair weather ? What 
peninsula in the southwest % What islands off the southern 
coast? What settlement on one of them ? What is the 
character of the country ? By what races is it inhabited ? 
What Indians in the north ? How large a population has 
it ? What is said of the interior ? What is the chief 
occupation of the inhabitants ? 

Water. — What ocean on the north ? West and south ? 
What strait on the west ? How wide is it ? What waters 
does it connect, and countries separate ? What sound and 
bay on the west ? What inlet, bay, and harbor on the 
south % 

BRITISH AMERICA. 

Land. — Bound British America. In what zones does it 
lie % How is it divided ? What English company ex- 
ercises sovereignty over the greater portion of British 
America ? Arts. The Hudson's Bay Company. What is 
the object of the company ? Am. To purchase furs of 
the Indians. 

Peninsulas and Capes. — What peninsula in the east ? 
Southeast ? Northeast? Where is Cape Bathurst ? St. 
Lewis? Walstonholm? Churchill? Turnagain ? Whit- 
tle? Kings? Walsingham? May? Sable? Hector? 

Mountains. — What mountains in the west ? What is 
their direction ? What is their length and height? 

Islands. — What island opposite the mouth of the St. 
Lawrence ? What three in the Gulf of St. Lawrence ? 
What one in Hudson's Bay ? Between Hudson's and 
Baffin's ? What islands in the Pacific ocean? 

Inhabitants, &c. — What Indians in British America? 
For what is Labrador celebrated in History ? Ans. As 
being the first part of the American continent discovered. 

Cities, &c. — (See also the map of the United States). 
What is the capital of Canada ? What towns on Lake 
Ontario ? On the peninsula between the lakes ? On the 
St. Lawrence river ? What one on the Ottowa ? What 
is the capital of New Brunswick ? What other towns 



17 

in this province ? What is the capital of Nova Scotia ? 
Where is Louisburg? What is the capital of New- 
foundland ? 



LESSON IX. 

MAP OF NORTH AMERICA. 

BRITISH AMERICA. 

Water.— What ocean on the north of British Amer- 
ica 1 East ? West ? What two seas on the north ? 
What large bay in British America ? Where is James 
Bay? Mosquito'? Wager? South? Baffin's? Fundy? 
Chesterfield Inlet ? Bathhurst ? Gulf of Georgia ? St. 
Lawrence ? Richmond ? 

Lakes and Rivers. — What lakes on the southern 
boundary ? Where is Slave Lake ? Great Bear Lake ? 
Athabasca ? Wollaston ? Deer ? Winnepeg ? Cama- 
puscaw ? Mistissinny ? Where is the St. Lawrence 
river, where does it rise, what course does it take, and 
where does it empty ? McKenzies ? Columbia ? Al- 
bany ? Saskatchewan ? Nelson ? Churchill ? Otta- 
wa ? Frazers ? Coppermine ? Koksah ? How long 
is Hudson's Bay ? Gulf of St. Lawrence ? River St. 
Lawrence ? McKenzies ? Saskatchawan ? Nelson ? 

Sounds, Straits, &c. — What sound connects Baffin's 
Bay with the Arctic Ocean? Where is Queen Char- 
lotte's Sound, and what waters does it connect ? Noot- 
ka ? Lancasters ? Where is Cumberland Strait and what 
waters does it connect ? Belle Tsle ? Frobishers ? Da- 
vis ? Claasets ? Hudsons ? What bank off New Found- 
land, and what trade is carried on there ? 

GREENLAND. 

Greenland is supposed to have been discovered about 
the year 900 ; or nearly 600 years before the first voyage 
of Columbus. 

2* 



18 moss's questions. 

Land. — Bound Greenland. What natural division is 
Greenland % To whom does it belong ? What Island east 
of it ? To what nation does it belong ? For what is it 
noted 1 What cape at its northern extremity ? What 
cape at the southern extremity of Greenland? Where is 
the island of Disco ? What highlands in the north of 
Greenland ? On which coast are the settlements'? Name 
them. What is the population of Greenland? By what 
races is it inhabited ? 

Water. — What water on the east ? South ? West ? 
Where is Scoreby's Sound % Smiths % How far is Green- 
land from New York % 



LESSON X. 

MAP OF NORTH AMERICA. 

UNITED STATES. 

Land. — Bound the United States. What parallel of 
latitude forms part of its northern boundary % 

Peninsulas, Capes, and Islands. — What peninsula on 
the Southeast ? What other peninsulas on the Atlantic 
coast? What capes on the Atlantic ? On the Pacific? 
What island on the northeast ? What cluster of islands 
east ? To what nation do they belong ? How many mites 
east of Savannah are they ? 

Mountains, &c. — Where are the Alleghany Moun- 
tains ? In what direction do they lie, and how long and 
high are they? Rocky Mountains? Cordilleras? 
What desert in the interior ? What is the capital ? 
Name a few of the chief towns. 

Water — Bays, &c. — What bays on the Atlantic coast ? 
On the Pacific ? What gulf and bays on the south ? 
What chain of lakes on the north ? What one of this 
chain wholly within the United States ? What lake in 
the west ? 



moss's questions. 19 

Rivers. — What river forms the boundary on the north- 
east ? What large river drains the whole central part of 
the United States ? How long is it ? Where does it rise, 
what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? 
What large branch has it on the east ? What branches 
on the west ? How long are these branches ? Where 
does the Rio Grande rise, what course does it take, and 
where does it empty? Colorado of the West ? Colum- 
bia ? How long are these rivers ? Where is the Gulf 
Stream ? 

MEXICO. 

Land. — Bound Mexico. What peninsula in the west? In 
the southeast ? What capes on the Pacific coast % What 
noted isthmus in the south, over which it has been pro- 
posed to build a canal 1 Ans. Tehuantepec. What moun- 
tains intersect Mexico 1 What Indians in the north ? 
What metals are found in Mexico? Ans. Gold and sil- 
ver. 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital, and how is it situ- 
ated ? What towns on the west coast ? On the Gulf of 
Mexico 1 On the Rio Grande river ? What towns inland ? 
What towns in Yucatan ? 

Water. — What gulf and bay on the east? What 
ocean on the south and west ? What gulf on the west ? 
What rivers empty into the Pacific ? Gulf of California? 
How long is the Gulf of Mexico ? California ? 

GUATIMALA, OR CENTRAL AMERICA. 

This country, formerly a federal republic, consists of 
several independent States. Three of these States, San 
Salvador, Nicaragua, and Honduras, are about uniting 
under one general government. 

Land. — Bound Guatimala. What Mexican state north ? 
What British territory on the northeast ? What town 
does it contain ? What cape east of Guatimala ? What 
isthmus . on the southeast ? What mountains extend 
through Guatimala ? What towns on the Pacific coast ? 
On the Caribbean ? 



20 moss's questions. 

Water. — What bay northeast? Sea east? Ocean 
south and west 1 What lake in the southeast 1 How is 
it connected with the Caribbean sea % [By recent surveys 
it has been found that a canal of twelve miles will unite 
the Lake with the Pacific] 

WEST INDIES. 

How are the West Indies situated % Name four of the 
largest islands ! To what nations do they belong % What 
is the name of the more eastern cluster ? What cluster 
north of Cuba 1 To what nation does it belong % For 
what is one of the islands (Cat) noted ? 



Through what waters and near what islands and capes 
would you pass and what course would you take in a 
voyage from Hudson's Bay to Kingston, Ja.? Montreal 
to Vera Cruz ? Halifax to Mobile 1 Portland to Pensa- 
cola ? Boston to New Orleans ? Havana to Norfolk ? 
New York to Natchez % San Francisco to Philadelphia ? 
Vancouver's Island to Savannah ? New York to Galves- 
ton % James' Bay to Panama % Lake Superior to Atlan- 
tic Ocean % From Havana to New Orleans % Boston to 
Vera Cruz ? St. Louis to Quebec % Halifax to Port au 
Prince ! St. Salvador to San Francisco % From Galves- 
ton to Portland % 



LESSON XL 

MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. 



EASTERN STATES. 



Land. — How many Eastern States are there ? By what 
other name are they sometimes called ? Bound them col- 
lectively. Wnat are their names ) Name them in the 



21 

order of their size. In the order of their population. 
Which of the states border on the Atlantic ? Which of 
them has the most seacoast ? Which the least ? What 
mountains in the Eastern States ? What capes on the 
seacoast ? What peninsula % What islands ? Name the 
capitals of the New England States. Name the largest 
and most commercial city. What is its population ? 

Water.— What ocean on the south 1 What sound? 
What bays on the coast ? What lake on the northwest ? 
Name the principal rivers. Between what two rivers do 
the Eastern States chiefly lie ? 

MIDDLE STATES. 

Land. — Name the five Middle States. Bound them 
collectively. Name them in the order of their size. In 
the order of their population. What are the capitals? 
Name the two largest cities. What is their population ? 
What island on the coast ? What capes ? What penin- 
sulas % What mountains in the interior? What State is 
inland ? Which States border on the Atlantic ? What 
District in the Middle States ? What city in it ? 

Water. — What ocean on the east? WTiat bays? 
What lakes on the north ? Name the principal rivers. 
How far from Maryland to Portugal ? 

SOUTHERN STATES. 

Land. — Name in order the States bordering on the At- 
lantic. On the Gulf of Mexico. How many in all? 
Bound the Southern States collectively. Name them in 
the order of their size. In the order of their popula- 
tion. What mountains in the Southern States ? How 
long and high are they ? What capes on the coast ? 
What peninsula ? What small islands south of Florida ? 
What is the largest and most important town in the 
Southern States ? What town in Florida is the oldest in 
the United States ? Ans. St. Augustine. What Indians 
in Texas ? 

Water. — What ocean on the east? Gulf on the 



22 moss's questions. 

south'? What two sounds on the Atlantic? What 
small gulfs and bays on the south ? What lakes on the 
southern coast % Name the principal rivers. Between 
what two rivers do the Southern States lie 1 

WESTERN STATES. 

Land. — Which of the Western States lie east of the 
Mississippi and north of the Ohio river ? South of the 
Ohio % West of the Mississippi ? What one on the Pa- 
cific ? Name them in the order of their size. In the 
order of their population. How many of these States 
are inland % Name the two principal cities of the West- 
ern States. Which State consists of two peninsulas? 

Water. — On what great river do nine of the Western 
States chiefly depend for their commercial intercourse % 
In what lake does it rise 1 What is its principal branch 
on the east? Name the chief branches of the Ohio. 
What large rivers are tributary to the Mississippi on the 
west ? To what place and for how many miles is the 
Mississippi navigable for steamboats % 



LESSON XIL 

TERRITORIES. 

The extensive districts of country called Territories 
are divided into two general classes ; Organized and Un- 
organized. Minnesota, New Mexico, Utah, and Ore- 
gon are organized, having regular territorial govern- 
ments. 

Nebraska and Indian are unorganized. Nebraska is 
inhabited by wild Indian tribes, who are kept in partial 
subjection by the U. S. troops stationed among them. 
Indian Territory is inhabited by tribes who have been 
removed from their lands east of the Mississippi river. 



moss's questions. 23 

Each tribe has a government of its own; but all are 
under the general supervision of the United States. 

MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Land. — Bound Minnesota. What State on the east 1 
. On the south 1 Territory on the west 1 Country on the 
north 1 What Indians in Minnesota ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital, and how situated 1 
What town on the St. Croix river 1 What town on the 
Red river ? Where is Fort Snelling 1 

Water — Rivers and Lakes. — What river on the 
west % North-west % South-east ? How long is it 1 
What large branch has the Mississippi in this territory 1 
What branch on the south-east % What expansion of 
water has it 1 What expansion below its confluence 
with the Mississippi 1 Where does Red River rise, what 
course does it fake, and where does it empty % Sioux % 
James ? St. Peters ? White Earth ? St. Louis ? Missis- 
sippi % What lake on the north-east ? What two on 
the north % What three flow into the Mississippi ? 
Into the Red River 1 What one into the Des Moines ? 
Into the St. Peters 1 Where are the Falls of St. An-, 
thony? 

NEBRASKA. 

Land. — Bound Nebraska. Name the principal tribes 
of Indians. What mountains on the west ? What hills 
near the centre % What desert in the south ? What 
peaks % How high are they 1 How long and high are 
the Rocky Mountains 1 Where is Fort Leavenworth % 
Council Bluffs ? What island in the Platte % 

Water — Rivers. — What river on the east % How far 
is it navigable for steamboats % What branches has it 
on the north ? On the south % On the west ? Do any 
of the waters of Nebraska flow into the Pacific ? Where 
are Hot Springs found % Where are Great Falls * What 
large river forms part of the Southern boundary ? Where 
does the Missouri rise, what courses does it take, and 



24 

where does it empty ? Yellow Stone % Grand ? Platte ? 
Kansas ? Arkansas ? How long are these rivers ? 



LESSON XIII. 

MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. 

INDIAN TERRITORY. 

Land. — What territory on the north ? Two States on 
the east ? What one on the south and west % What 
Indians are settled in the territory ? 

Water. — What river on the north ? On the south ? 
In the centre'? What branches has it? How long is 
Red River % 



Land. — Bound Oregon ? What mountains in the west ? 
In the east ? In the centre ? What peak in the Cascade 
range, near the Columbia? How high is it? Where 
are the Three Butes, and the Three Tetons? Where is 
Mount Ranier ? Mount Olympus ? What towns in 
Oregon ? What is the capital ? How is it situated ? 
What forts in the territory, and how are they situated ? 
What capes on the coast ? Where is Wapatoo Island ? 
What Indians in Oregon ? 

Water. — What ocean on the west? What large 
river in Oregon? Name its two principal branches. 
What important branch from the south ? What bay on 
the coast ? What sound on the north-west ? Where 
does Clark's river rise, what course does it take, and 
where does it empty ? Lewis ? Columbia ? Green ? 
Willammette ? Tlamath ? 

UTAH. 

Land. — Bound Utah ? What mountains in this terri- 
tory ? What settlement on the small river which con- 
nects Utah lake with the Great Salt lake ? 



moss's questions. 25 

Water. — What rivers in Utah ? What large one 
empties into the Great Salt lake ? What lakes in Utah ? 

NEW MEXICO. 

Land. — Bound New Mexico. What mountains does 
it contain % What is its capital ? What other towns on 
the Rio Grande ? 

Water. — What is the principal river of New Mexico? 
Where does it rise, what course does it take, and where 
does it empty 1 How long is it ? What large branch 
has it ? What other rivers in New Mexico % 

travels. 

In going from New Orleans to Pittsburg, on what 
waters would you sail, and what cities would you pass ? 
From St. Paul to New Orleans ? Milwaukie to Quebec'? 
What courses would you take., and through what waters 
and near what islands and capes would you pass in a 
voyage from Portsmouth to Tampa Bay ? Boston to 
Baltimore ? Metamoras to Boston ? Newport to Pen- 
sacola % Poughkeepsie to Washington ? Oswego to 
Chicago ?. Isle Royale to Buffalo ? Buffalo to New 
York ? New York to Cincinnati 1 Washington to St, 
Louis ? Charleston to New Orleans ? Mobile to Savan- 
nah ? Galveston to Eastport % Salem to Norfolk % C, 
Flattery to Monterey % Astoria to San Francisco ? 

Proceed due West from the following places, and name 
all the States and Territories through which you pass ? 
all the Lakes and Rivers which you cross, and the most 
important cities on your route. Boston. New York, 
Eastport. Cape Fear. Savannah. St. Augustine, Cape 
Charles. 



26 moss's questions. 

LESSON XIV. 

MAP NO. 1, UNITED STATES. 



Land. — Bound Maine. What is its population % What 
peaks in Maine ? How high is Mount Katahdin % What 
capes on the coast ? What islands ? Between Maine 
and what island does the United States boundary pass ? 
To whom then does the island belong I 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital of Maine, and how 
is it situated ? How is Portland situated ? Bangor ? 
Brunswick? Bath? Thomaston? Belfast? Hallo- 
well ? Calais ? Eastport ? Gardiner ? Saco ? Which 
of the above towns have 5,000 or more inhabitants ? 
Which is the most eastern city in the Union ? Which is 
the largest city in Maine ? How many counties in 
Maine ? 

Water. — What ocean on the south ? Name the bay?, 
commencing with the most easterly one. 

Rivers — Lakes. — What river on the north-east boun- 
dary ? On the south-east ? South-west ? Which is the 
largest river in Maine ? Where does the St, Croix river 
rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ! 
Penobscot ? St. Johns ? Kennebec ? Androscoggin ? 
Saco ? How long are each of these rivers ? To what 

{)lace is the Penobscot navigable ? Kennebec ? What 
ake, or pond, in the south-west ? What two lakes in I 
the north-west ? In what lake does the Kennebec rise ? ! 
How long is it ? Where is lake Chesuncook ? Pema- 
dumcook ? Millinoket ? Grand ? What lakes in the 
north ? In the south-east ? 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Land. — Bound New Hampshire. What is its popula- 
tion ? What mountains in the north ? Name the highest 



27 

peak. What is its height ? Measure by the scale of 
miles the extent of the sea-coast of New Hampshire. 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital of this State, and 
how is it situated ? How is Dover situated ? Nashua ? 
Gilmanton ? Manchester % Portsmouth % Which of the 
above towns have 3000 or more inhabitants ? Which is 
the largest city in the State ? Which is the only sea- 
port ? How many counties in New Hampshire ? 

Water. — What water on the south-east ? 

Rivers — Lakes. — What river on the western boun- 
dary ? What branch has it ? What river in the centre 
of the State % What on the eastern boundary ? On the 
north-eastern boundary? Where does the Connecticut 
rise, what course does it take, and where does it empty ? 
Merrimack Salmon Falls ? Ammonoosuc ? How long 
is the Connecticut 1 ? Merrimack What large lake in 
the center of the State ? How long is it ? Into what 
river does it flow ? What other lakes in the State ? How 
far from Portsmouth to Lisbon ? 



•LESSON XV. 

MAP No. 1, UNITED STATES. 

VERMONT. 

Land. — Bound Vermont. What is its population ? 
What islands in Lake Champlain ? What mountains in- 
tersect Vermont ? How long, and high are they ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital of this State, and how 
is it situated ? How is Burlington situated 1 Middlebury ? 
Castleton'? Brattleboro ? Bennington? St. Albans? 
Which of these have over 2000 inhabitants ? Which 
is the largest town in the State ? Name the largest towns 
on the Connecticut. For what is Bennington noted? 
How many counties in Vermont ? 



28 

Water. — Lakes and Rivers. — What lake on the west % 
What rivers flow into it ? Into what large river does it 
discharge its waters % Through what smaller river ? 
How long is the lake % What river on the east ? What 
lake en the northern boundary % How long is it % 

TRAVELS. 

In coasting from Thomaston to Newburyport, what 
capes and islands would you pass? What bays and 
islands from Thomaston to Eastport 1 What towns would 
you pass in going by railroad from Bath to Boston ? 
From Portsmouth to Boston ? From Boston to Montpe- 
lier ? From Boston to Burlington % 

MAP No. 2, UNITED STATES. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Land. — Bound Massachusetts. What is its popula- 
tion ? What mountains in the western part ? Where is 
Mount Tom? Holyoke? Machuset? What peninsula on 
the coast % Ans. — Cape Cod. What cape at its northern 
extremity % At its southern extremity ? What cape on 
the north-east ? What two large islands off the south 
coast ? Where is No-Mans-Land % 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital of Massachusetts, 
and how is it situated 1 Where is Lowell, and how is it 
situated % Worcester ? Charlestown % . Roxbury % Nan- 
tucket % New Bedford % Cambridge % Salem ] Newbu- 
ryport % Plymouth ? Fall River % Springfield ! Pittsfield ? 
Marblehead "? Lynn % Which of the above is noted as be- 
ing the greatest manufacturing town in America % Ans. 
Lowell. Which, as being the landing place of the first 
settlers of New England ? Ans. Plymouth. Which is 
the largest town in the State; and what is its popula- 
tion ? How many counties has Massachusetts ? 

Water. — What bay on the east ? What is the south- 
ern part of it called ? What bay and sound on the south ! 
What harbor on the eastern coast % 



moss's questions. 29 

Rivers. — What river intersects the State ? What branch- 
es has it ? What river in the western part ? In the north- 
eastern ? Where does the Housatonic rise, what course 
does it take, and where does it empty'? Quinebaug? 
Blackstone? Taunton? 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Land. — Bound Rhode Island. What is its popu- 
lation ? What island south ? What islands in Narragan- 
sett bay ? What cape south ? 

Cities, &c. — Name the capitals of Rhode Island. How 
are they situated 1 How large a population have they ? 
Where is Smithfield? Bristol? Warwick? Scituate ? 
Slatersville 1 Coventry ? Tiverton ? How many of these 
have over 4000 inhabitants'? Name the largest city' in 
the State. How many counties has Rhode Island? 

Water. — What bay divides Rhode Island? What 
ocean on the south ? 

Rivers. — What river in the north-east ? Where does 
Paucatuck river rise, what direction does it take, and 
where does it empty ? Which river forms part of the 
eastern boundary ? South-western ? 



LESSON XVI. 

MAP No. 2, UNITED STATES. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Land. — Bound Connecticut. What is its population ? 
A continuation of what chain of mountains are in the 
west ? What large island south ? To what State does 
it belong ? What three other islands belonging to the 
same State, on the south-east ? 

Cities, &c. — What are the capitals of Connecticut ? 
How are they situated ? How large a population have 
they ? What important town at the junction of the Thames 
3* 



30 

and Quinebaug ? What, near the mouth of the Thames ? 
What, in the south-east ? What towns on and near Long 
Island Sound 1 The Thames and Quinebaug ? The Con- 
necticut % The Housatonic ? Where is Danbury *? Litch- 
field ? Windham ? Name the largest town in the State. 
How many counties has Connecticut % 

Water. — What sound on the south ? How long is it ? 

Bjver. — What river on the south-east boundary ? 
What three rivers intersect this State ? How long are 
they ? Describe the Thames river % What large branch 
has the Connecticut ? Describe it % To what place, and 
for how many miles is the Connecticut navigable 1 ? 
Thames ? Housatonic % 

TRAVELS. 

In traveling on the railroad from Boston to Springfield 
and New York, what towns would you pass, and what 
States would you cross ? From Bridgeport to Albany ? 
From Boston to Albany ? From Nashua to Hartford 1 
From Boston to Stonington ? From Boston to Fall 
River 1 From Boston to Norwich % How are these last 
three places connected with New York ? Arts. Each by 
a direct steamboat line. 

MAP No. 3, UNITED STATES. 

NEW YORK. 

Land. — Bound New York. What is its population 1 ? 
What mountains in this State ? A continuation of what 
range are they ? How high is Mount Marcy ? In what 
county is it 1 ? How high are the Catskill Mountains'? 
Where are they situated % What is the length of Long 
Island ? (See Map No. 2.) What cape at the eastern ex- 
tremity of Long Island % What two islands on the south'? 
Where is Grand Island % 

Cities, &c. — Name the capital of this State ? How is it 
situated % Where is Troy, and how situated % New York? 
Buffalo? Rochester? Brooklyn? Lockporf? West 



31 

Point ? (For what is this place noted % Ans — As the seat 
of the United States Military Academy.) Canandaigua ? 
Plattsburgh 1 Geneva % Newhurgh % Syracuse % Ithaca ? 
Binghamton ? Poughkeepsie 1 Hudson 1 Schenectady 1 
What town at the head of Lake Champlain 1 On the 
Hudson river % On Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence 
river ? Name the six largest cities in the order of their 
size. What is the population of the largest city % How 
many counties in this State % What county does Staten 
Island form % New York island 1 What three on Long 
Island % 

Water. — What ocean on the south-east ? What har- 
bor ? What sound ? Where is Peconic bay % South Bay ? 
(See Map No. 2.) 

Lakes, &c. — What lake on the north 1 How long, 
wide and deep is it % On the east ? How long, wide, 
and deep is it ? By what strait are these two lakes con- 
nected 1 What lake on the north-east 1 What lake con- 
nected with this on the south % How long is it % Where 
is Chautauque lake ? Into what does it discharge its wa- 
ters % Oneida ? How long is it % Into what lake are its 
waters discharged 1 Through what river ? Canandai- 
gua ? Cayuga ? Seneca ? Crooked ? Owasco ? Skaneat- 
eles ? What river is their common outlet ? Are any of 
the waters of this State discharged into the Gulf of Mex- 
ico 1 Into Chesapeake bay ? Into Delaware bay ? 
Through what rivers ? 

Rivers. — Where does the Hudson River rise, what 
course does it take, and where does it empty ? Mohawk 1 
Black ? Genesee ? What river forms part of the north- 
ern boundary ? Southwestern ? How far is the Hudson 
navigable 1 How far from New York to Liverpool ? 



32 moss's questions. 

LESSON XVII. 

MAP No. 3, UNITED STATES. 

NEW JERSEY. 

Land. — Bound New Jersey. What is its population ! 
What two capes on the coast ? 

Cities, &c — What is the capital of New Jersey ? How 
is it situated? Where is Newark, and how situated? 
Jersey City? Camden? Freehold? New Brunswick ? 
Middletown ? Paterson ? Princeton ? Rahway ? Bur- 
lington ? Mount Holly ? What towns on, or near the 
Delaware ? Passaic ? Delaware Bay ? Atlantic Ocean ? 
How many counties in New Jersey ? 

Water. — What ocean on the east ? Bay on the south- 
west ? How long and wide is it ? What two harbors on 
the east ? What inlet ? What river on the west ? How 
long is it ? On the north-east ? How far from Cape May 
to Portugal ? 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Land. — Bound Pennsylvania. What parallel forms 
the most of its northern boundary ? What is its popula- 
tion ? What two ridges in the State ? A continuation of 
what mountain chain are they ? How many counties in 
the State ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital, and how is it situat- 
ed ? Where is Philadelphia, and how situated ? Pitts- 
burg ? Lancaster ? Erie ? Carlisle ? York ? Hollidays- 
burg ? Norristown ? Reading ? Pottsville ? Easton ? 
Honesdale ? What is the population of the largest city ? 
How many of the above cities have over 3000 inhabit- 
ants? What towns on, or near the Ohio ? Monongahe- 
la ? Alleghany ? Susquehanna ? North Branch ? West 
Branch ? Juniata ? Delaware %' Schuylkill ? Lehigh ? 

Water. — What lake on the northwest ? How long 
and deep is it ? 



33 

Rivers. — What river on the eastern boundary ? From 
what states does it separate Pennsylvania ? Name its 
principal branches. How long is it ? What large river 
intersects the state ? How long is it ? What are its 
main branches'? What two rivers unite at Pittsburgh 
What do they form ? Where does the Delaware rise, 
what course does it take, and where empty ? Susque- 
hanna? Lehigh? Alleghany? Monongahe.la ? Juni- 
ata? Schuylkill? West Branch? How long is the 
Ohio ? How far is the Delaware navigable ? Mononga- 
hela ? Alleghany ? Susquehanna ? Why is the head 
of navigation on the Monongehela marked 2200, and 
that of the Alleghany 2149? Am. Because they are 
that distance above the mouth of the Mississippi. 



In sailing from Troy to New York, what towns would 
you pass on the right bank (right hand side sailing down 
stream) ? On the left bank ? Through what towns 
would you pass in going from New York to Dunkirk, by 
the New York and Erie railroad ? In going by railroad 
from Albany to Buffalo ? From Albany to Whitehall ? 
From Brooklyn to Greenport ? (See Map No. 2.) From 
New York to Amboy and Philadelphia ? From New 
York to Jersey City and Philadelphia ? From New 
York to Erie railroad, by the way of Jersey City ? From 
New York to Easton ? From Philadelphia to Chambers- 
burg ? From Philadelphia to Pottsville ? From Harris- 
burg to Pittsburg ? 



MAP NO. 4, UNITED STATES. 

DELAWARE. 

Land. — Bound Delaware. What is its population? 
What cape on the coast ? What does the country be- 
tween the Delaware ana the Chesapeake form? What 
cape at its southern extremity ? What other States be- 



34 

sides Delaware have territory on this peninsula ? How 
many counties has Delaware ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital of this state ? How 
is it situated? Where is Wilmington'? New Castle? 
Milford ? Georgetown ? 

Water. — What bay on the east? How long and wide 
is it ? What large river empties into Delaware bay from 
the north ? What small river in the southwest ? Where 
does it rise, what course does it take, and where does it 
empty ? 



LESSON XVIII. 

MAP NO. 4, UNITED STATES. 

MARYLAND. 

Land. — Bound Maryland. How large is its popula- 
tion? How is it divided by Chesapeake Bay? Ans. 
Jnto the east and west shores. What mountains cross 
this state ? What is the latitude of its northern bound- 
ary ? What is this line frequently called ? Ans. Ma- 
son and Dixon's line. [In the year 1682 a dispute arose 
between William Penn and Lord Baltimore respecting the 
limits of their respective grants, (Pennsylvania and Mary- 
land,) a conference was held by these two distinguished 
men, but they were unable to settle their difficulties. The 
matter was carried into the English Court of Chancery 
and in 1750 Lord Chancellor Hardwicke made a decree 
awarding costs against Lord Baltimore, and directing that 
Commissioners be appointed to mark the boundary. 
These Commissioners met at New Castle (Delaware) in 
1755, but not agreeing, they separated. After still fur- 
ther difficulties the matter was settled by mutual agree- 
ment among the surviving heirs of Penn and Baltimore. 
Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon were appointed to 



MOSS'S QUESTIONS. 35 

run the line between the two provinces, which has 
hence been called " Mason and Dixon's line." Marking 
the boundary between the slave and free states, Mason 
and Dixon's line has an important political signification 
in the history of the present day.] 

Cities, &c, — What is the capital of Maryland ? How 
is it situated ? How is Baltimore situated i Frederick ! 
Hagerstown ? Havre de Grace % Cumberland ? Em- 
mettsburg % Snow Hill % Chestertown ? Easton 1 
Which is the largest and most important town in the 
state 1 What is its population 1 What towns on, or 
near the Potomac? Chesapeake Bay % What towns on 
the East shore % How many counties in Maryland ? 

Water. — What ocean on the south-east ? What bay 
intersects the state ? How long is it ? What inlet on 
the coast ? 

Rivers. — What river forms its south-western boun- 
dary ? How long is it ? What large river empties into 
Chesapeake Bay 1 What is its length % How far is the 
Potomac navigable % What small rivers on the East 
shore ? Where does the Potomac rise, in what direction 
does it flow, and where does it empty % 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Lands. — How large was the District formerly 1 Ans. 
Ten miles square. How did it come into the possession 
of the United States government ? JLns. It was ceded by 
Virginia and Maryland to the United States ? Which 
state's portion was retroceded in 1846 1 What large 
city in the District ? For what is it noted ? What other 
city does it contain'? Bound the District. 

Water. — What river on the south-west ? To what 
place is it navigable by steamboats ? 

VIRGINIA. 

Land. — Bound Virginia. What is its population * 
What mountains cross this State % What, on the south- 
western boundary ? What capes at the entrance of 



36 

Chesapeake Bay ? What two counties on the East shore 
peninsula ? Where is the Natural Bridge ? How many 
counties has Virginia ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital of Virginia ? How 
is it situated % Where is Norfolk ? Petersburg ? Wil- 
liamsburg, formerly the capital ? Yorktown, memorable 
as the place where Cornwallis surrendered'? Wheeling'? 
Fredericksburg ? Charlottesville 1 Harper's Ferry ? 
Lynchburg ? Winchester ? Abingdon ? Wellsburg ? 
What towns on or near the Ohio ? Great Kanawha ? Lit- 
tle Kanawha ? Monongahela ? Potomac ? Shenandoah ? 
Rappahannock 1 York ? James ? Chowan ? Roanoke 1 

Water. — What bay on the east ? What ocean on the 
south-east? 

Rivers, &c. — What river on the north-east ? On the 
north-west ? What branches has it ? What river in the 
north % What rivers empty into the Chesapeake Bay ? 
Albemarle Sound ? What river in the south-west ? Into 
what does it empty? How long is the Potomac ? Ohio? 
Shenandoah ? Rappahannock ? James? Great Kanawha? 
Big Sandy ? Where does the Potomac rise, what direc- 
tion does it take, and where does it empty ? Shenan- 
doah ? York ? James *? Chowan ? Roanoke ? Hol- 
ston ? Big Sandy ? Great Kanawha ? Monongahela ? 
New ? What swamp on the south-eastern boundary of 
Virginia ? What lake does it contain ? What medicinal 
springs in Virginia ? 



LESSON XIX. 

MAP No. 4, UNITED STATES. 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



Land. — Bound North Carolina. What is its popula- 
tion ? What mountains in the west ? What peak ? 
What capes on the coast ? How many counties has 
North Carolina ? 



37 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital 1 How is it situated * 
How is Wilmington situated ? Fayetteville ? Newbern * 
Salem? Charlotte? Washington? Tarboro' ? What is 
the population of the largest and most commercial town 
in the state ? What towns on or near the Broad river ? 
Cahawba ? Yadkin ? Cape Fear ? Neuse ? Tar « 
Roanoke ? Chowan ? 

Water. — What bays and sounds on the east ? How 
long and wide is Albemarle sound ? How long is 
Pamlico sound ? What three inlets on the coast ? 

Rivers. — What rivers in the state ? How long is 
Roanoke river ? Tar ? Neuse ? Cape Fear ? Where 
does the Chowan river rise, what direction does it take, 
and where does it empty ? Roanoke? Tar? Neuse? 
Cape Fear ? Yadkin ? Cahawba ? To what place is the 
Roanoke navigable ? Tar ? Neuse ? Cape Fear ? Great 
Pedee ? 



What towns would you pass in going from Wash- 
ington to Philadelphia, by railroad ? From Balti- 
more to Cumberland ? From Fredericksburg, Va., to 
Wilmington. N. C? Which of these towns are in Vir- 
ginia ? Which in North Carolina ? 

MAP No. 5, UNITED STATES. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Land. — Bound South Carolina. What is the popula- 
tion % What mountains on the northwest ? What islands 
on the coast ? What cape ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated * 
How is the largest and most commercial city situated * 
Where is Georgetown 1 Cheraw ? Camden ? Spartan- 
burg ? Beaufort ? Greenville ? How many districts or 
counties in this State 1 What towns on or near the Sa- 
vannah ? Edisto? Saluda? Broad? Wateree ? Pedee? 
4 



38 moss's questions. 

Water. — What ocean on the southeast ? What sound 
on the coast ? What bay ? What strait ? 

Rivers. — What river on the soathwest ? How long is 
it? What other rivers in the State? How long is the 
Santee ? Name its principal branches? How long is the 
Great Pedee? Where does the Great Pedee rise, what 
course does it take, and where does it empty ? Santee 1 
Edisto ? Savannah ? How is the Congaree formed 3 
How is the Santee formed ? What river is Lynch's Creek 
a branch of ? 



Land. — Bound Georgia. What is its population ? 
What mountains in the north ? What islands on the 
coast ? How many counties has Georgia ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital of this State ? How 
is it situated ? Where is the largest and most commercial 
city situated? Augusta? Athens? Darien ? Macon? 
Columbus ? Lagrange ? What towns on or near the Sa- 
vannah ? Ogechee? Oconee? Ocmulgee ? Flint? 
Chattahoochee ? Coosa ? 

Water.— What ocean on the east? What sound? 
How far from Savannah to Liverpool ? What is said on 
the map in connection with this ? What swamp on the 
south ? 

Rivers. — What river form's the boundary on the north- 
east ? On the southwest ? What other rivers in Geor- 
gia ? How long are they? To what places are the 
largest of them navigable ? Where does the Chattahoo- 
chee rise, what course does it take ; and where does it 
empty? Flint ? Ogechee ? Oconee ? Ocmulgee ? San- 
tilla ? 



Through what towns would you pass in going by rail- 
road from Charleston, S. C, to" Atlanta, Ga.? Which is 
the first town you would reach in Georgia ? From Sa- 
vannah to Macon ? From Macon to Chattanooga ? In I 
what State is Chattanooga ? 



moss's questions. 39 

LESSON XX. 

MAP No. 5, UNITED STATES. 

FLORIDA. 

Land. — Bound Florida. What is its population ? 
What capes on the Atlantic coast ? On the Gulf ? What 
does Florida form ? What small island southeast of 
Florida ? What clusters off Cape Sable ? Where are 
the Cedar Keys ? Where is Santa Rosa island ? Amelia * 
How many counties in Florida'? 

Cities, &c. — Name the capital. How is it situated ? 
What town in St. John's county, the oldest by forty years 
of any in the United States ? Where is St. Joseph's ? 
Jacksonville? Tampa? Pensacola? Apalachicola ? 
What towns between the Apalachicola and Perdulo 
rivers ? Apalachicola and Suwanee ? Suwanee and the 
Atlantic ? 

Water. — What ocean on the east? Gulf on the 
west ? Three inlets on the Atlantic ? What harbor on 
the west % What bays % What sound % What inlet ? 

Rivers. — What river forms the western boundary ? 
What large river intersects this State ? What other 
rivers in the State % Where does the Perdido river rise, 
what course does it take, and where does it empty ? 
Escambia % Apalachicola ? Ocklockony ? Suwanee ? 
St. John's ? What river forms part of the northeastern 
boundary of Florida ? What large lake in Florida ? How 
long is the Escambia? Apalachicola ? Suwanee? 

ALABAMA. 

Land. — Bound Alabama. How large is its population ? 
How many miles of sea coast has it ? The termination 
of what range of mountains is in the north ? How many 
counties in Alabama ? 

Cities, &c— What is the capital ? How is it situated ? 



40 moss's questions. 

How is the former capital, Tuscaloosa, situated? Which 
is the largest and most commercial town in the State? 
How is it situated ? Where is Demopolis % St. Stephen's ? 
Cahawba ? Florence % Tuscumbia % Huntsville ? 
Selmo ! What towns on or near the Tennessee % Tom- 
bigbee ? Alabama ? Black Warrior % Cahawba 1 
Coosa ? Chattahoochee ? Escambia % 

Water.— What gulf on the south ? What hays ? 

Rivers. — What river forms part of the eastern bound- 
ary of the State ? What river in the north 1 What two 
in the interior 1 How long are these rivers ? What large 
branch has the Tombigbee ? How is the Mobile river 
formed ? Where does the Tombigbee rise, what direction 
does it take, and where does it empty ? Alabama ? 
What branches has the Alabama? 



LESSON XXI. 

MAP No. 6, UNITED STATES. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Land. — Bound Mississippi. How many counties has 
it 1 What is its population ? 

Cities, fee—What is its capital % How is it situated % 
How is Natchez, the largest city, situated % Vicksburg % 
Grand Gulf? Mississippi City? Columbus? Holly 
Springs ? What towns on or near the Mississippi ? 
Yazoo ? Big Black ? Tombigbee ? Pearl ? Pascagoula ? 

Water. — What gulf on the southeast ? What bay ? 

Rivers. — What two rivers form its western boundary ? 
What branches has the Mississippi in this State ? What 
rivers empty into the Gulf of Mexico ? How long is the 
Yazoo ? Big Black ? Pearl ? Where does the Yazoo 
rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? 
Pearl ? Pascagoula ? Big Black ? 



moss's questions. 41 



LOUISIANA. 

Land. — Bound Louisiana % What is the population % 
What islands on the southeastern coast % How many 
parishes (counties) in Louisiana 1 

Cities, &c — Name the former capital, one of the 
largest and most commercial cities of the Union. What 
is the present capital 4 How is it situated 1 How is 
New Orleans situated ? Natchitoches % Opelousas \ 
St. Francisville \ Donaldsonville ? What towns on or 
near the Mississippi ? Red 1 Washita ? 

Water. — What gulf on the south % What bays * 
What lakes ? What two near New Orleans 1 What 
two in the northeast % How far from New Orleans to 
New York ; by water 1 

Rivers. — What river, forms part of the eastern bound- 
ary of this State, and afterwards intersects the southern 
portion 1 How long is it ? What large branch has it in 
this State % How long is it ? What extensive tributary 
has the Red 7 How Jong is it 1 What river forms the 
southeastern boundary ? The western % Does the Mis- 
sissippi discharge its waters through one or many 
mouths 1 Where does the Washita rise, what direction 
does it take, and where does it empty ? Sabine % Red % 
Mississippi % How long is the Sabine 1 



(For some of the answers to the following questions, see 
Map U. S.) 
Land. — Bound Texas. What is its population % What 
mountains in the west 1 What peaks in this range ? 
What desert on the north 1 What Indians in Texas * 
What is the capital of Texas % How is it situated % 
Where is Galveston % Houston 1 Washington 1 Mat- 
agorda ? San Augustine % Nacogdoches 1 San Anto- 
nio de Bexar ? Corpus Christi ? What towns on or near 
4* 



42 

the Rio Grande ? Nueces 1 Guadalupe % Colorado 1 
Brazos % Trinity ? 

Water. — What gulf on the southeast 1 What bays 
and inlet ? 

Rivers. — What river on its eastern boundary 1 North- 
eastern and northern ? Southwestern 1 What large river 
empties into Galveston bay ? How long is it % Into 
Matagorda bay ? How long is it % What into the Gulf 
of Mexico, between these two bays 1 What noted river 
into Corpus Christi bay ? What river between Trinity 
and Sabine rivers ? Where does Trinity river rise, what 
direction does it take, and where does it empty % Brazos 1 
Colorado ? Gaudalupe % Nueces % Rio Grande % 

TRAVELS. 

What towns would you pass on the right bank in sail- 
ing down the Mississippi from Marion to New Orleans 1 
On the left bank ? In naming the towns, also name the 
States in which they are found. What towns would you 
pass on the right bank in sailing down the Arkansas 1 
On the left bank % Through what waters would you 
sail and what towns would you pass in sailing from Little 
Rock to Austin % 



LESSON XXII. 

MAP No. 7, UNITED STATES. 

INDIANA. 

Land. — Bound Indiana. What is its population ? 
How many counties has it % 

Cities. — What is the capital? How is it situated? 
Where is New Albany 1 Madison % Evansville 1 Vin- 
cennes 1 Connorsville % Terre Haute % Crawfords- 



moss's questions. 43 

ville ? La Fayette? Logansport ? Foit Wayne? 
Michigan City ? What towns on or near the Wabash % 
White river ? Ohio % 

Water— Rivers. — What lake on the north-west ? 
How long and deep is it ? What river forms the southern 
boundary ? What, a part of the western boundary ? 
What branches has it % What branch of the Illinois 
river in this State? What river in the north empties 
into Lake Michigan? Where does the Wabash river 
rise, what direction does it take, and where does it 
empty ? White ? Tippecanoe ? Eel ? Kankakee ? 
How long is the Wabash ? White ? To what place is 
the Wabash navigable ? How far is that from the mouth 
of the Mississippi ? 

OHIO. 

Land. — Bound Ohio. What is its population ? How 
many counties has it ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? 
Where is Cincinnati ? Zanesville ? Portsmouth ? Chil- 
licothe? Steubenville ? Circleville ? Xenia? Marietta? 
Cleveland ? Akron ? Sandusky City ? Springfield ? 
Toledo ? Dayton ? Warren ? Lancaster ? What towns 
on or near the Ohio ? Sciota ? Miami ? Little Miami ? 
Muskingum ? Sandusky ? Maumee ? 

Water. — What lake on the north-east? How long 
and deep is it ? Where is Maumee bay ? 

Rivers. — What river on the south and south-east? 
What branches has it in this State ? What rivers empty 
into Lake Erie ? Where does the Muskingum river 
rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? 
Sciota ? Little Miami ? Miami ? Maumee ? Sandusky ? 
Cuyahoga ? How long is the Muskingum ? Sciota ? 
Miami ? Ohio ? 

KENTUCKY. 

Land. — Bound Kentucky. What is its population ? 
How many counties has it ? What mountains in the 
southeast ? 



44 moss's questions. 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated 1 
Where is Lexington ? Maysville ? Covington ? Au- 
gusta ? Louisville ? Bardstown % Danville ? Bowl- 
ing Green ? Harrodsburg ? Georgetown ? What towns 
on or near the Ohio ? Mississippi ? Cumberland ? Green ? 
Kentucky? Licking? Big Sandy? 

Water — Rivers. — What river forms the northern and 
northwestern boundary ? What branches has it in this 
State ? What river forms the western boundary % Where 
does the Tennessee river rise, what direction does it take, 
and where does it empty ? Cumberland? Green? Ken- 
tucky? Licking? Big Sandy? How long are each 
of these rivers ? 



LESSON XXIII. 

MAP No. 7, UNITED STATES. 

TENNESSEE. 

Land. — Bound Tennessee. What is its population ? 
How many counties has it ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? 
Where is Memphis ? Knoxville ? Murfreesboro' ? 
Clarksville ? Columbia ? Franklin ? Jonesboro' ? 
Covington ? Benton ? Fayetteville ? What towns on 
or near the Mississippi ? Tennessee ? Cumberland ? 
Holston? Clinch? 

Mountains. — What mountains divide this State into 
East and West Tennessee ? What mountains on the 
eastern boundary ? 

Water — Rivers. — What river on the west ? What 
branch has it ? What river intersects this State ? What 
branches has it ? What large river in the north? In 
what States does it flow ? In what States does the Ten- 
nessee flow ? Where does the Hatchee river rise, what 
direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Clinch ? 
Holston ? Hiwasse ? 



45 



TRAVELS. 



In sailing on the Ohio river from Pittsburg to its junc- 
tion with the Mississippi, what towns will you pass in 
Pennsylvania ? In Virginia % In Ohio 1 In Kentucky ? 
In Indiana? In Illinois ? (For Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
and Illinois, see the other maps.) 

What towns will you pass on the railroad between 
Sandusky City and Cincinnati ? What on the canal be- 
tween Cleveland and Portsmouth ? On what waters will 
you sail, and what towns will you pass, in going from 
the head of steamboat navigation on the Tennessee, to 
the head of steamboat navigation on the Wabash % 

ILLINOIS. 

Land. — Bound Illinois. What is its population ? How 
many counties has it ? 

Cities. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? 
Where is Chicago ? Galena ? Kaskaskia ? Shawnee- 
town ? Alton ? Nauvoo ? Grafton ? Jacksonville ? 
Peoria'? Rock Island ? Vandalia? What towns on or 
near the Mississippi river ? Rock ? Illinois 1 Sanga- 
mon ? Fox? Kaskaskia? Ohio? Little Wabash? 
Wabash ? What town at the junction of the Mississippi 
and Ohio rivers ? On what river is Pontiac ? Middle- 
port? 

Water. — What lake on the northeast ? 

Rivers. — What river on the south ? On the west ? 
On the east ? What branches has the Mississippi in this 
State ? What branches has the Illinois? What branch 
has the Ohio ? Wabash ? How long is Rock river ? 
Illinois? Kaskaskia? Wabash? Where does Rock 
river rise, what direction does it take, and where does it 
empty? Illinois? Spoon? Sangamon? Vermillion? 
Fox? Kankakee? Kaskaskia? Little Wabash? Wabash. 



46 moss's questions. 

LESSON XXIV. 

MAP No. 8, UNITED STATES. 

MISSOURI. 

Land. — Bound Missouri. What is the 'population ? 
How many counties does it contain ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated % 
Where is St. Louis, one of the largest and most thriving 
towns of the West ? Lexington ? New Madrid ? Ful- 
ton % Booneville 1 St. Charles ? Richmond ? Colum- 
bia'? Independence? Potosi? What towns on or near 
the Mississippi ? Missouri ? Grand % Osage ? Gas- 
conade? White? Maramec ? Salt? 

Water. — Rivers — What river on the east ? What 
river intersects the State ? What branches has the Mis- 
souri on the north ? On the south ? What other river in 
the southern part of the State ? Where does the Nishne- 
botna rise, what direction does it take, and where does 
it empty? Little Platte? Grand? Chariton? Salt? 
Osage ? Gasconade ? Maramec ? St. Francis ? Big 
Black? White? 

IOWA. 

Land. — Bound Iowa. What is its population ? How 
many counties has it ? What is the latitude of the north- 
ern boundary ? Southern ? How long are they ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? 
Where is Burlington ? Bloomington ? Davenport ? Belle- 
vue ? What towns on, or near the Mississippi ? Des- 
Moines ? Skunk? Iowa? Red Cedar ? Wabespinicon ? 
Where is the Neutral Ground ? 

Water — Rivers. — What river on the east ? West ? 
Northwest? What branches has the Missouri wholly in 
this State ? The Mississippi ? What branches of the 
Missouri rise in this State ? Where does Sioux river 
rise, what direction does it take, and where does it emp- 



47 

ty? Floyd's? Little Sioux? Soldier? Boyer? Des 
Moines ? Racoon ? Upper Three ? Skunk ? Red Cedar ? 
Otter Creek ? English 1 Onontaska ? Wabespinicon ? 
Turkey? Upper Iowa? In what part of the State is 
Lake Albert Lea, and what river is its outlet ? Boyer 
Lake ? 

TRAVELS. 

On what waters will you sail, and what towns will 
you pass, in going from the head of steamboat navigation 
on the Illinois to the head of steamboat navigation on the 
Missouri ? In going from the head of steamboat naviga- 
tion on the Mississippi, to the mouth of the Ohio river ? 



LESSON XXV. 

MAP No. 9, UNITED STATES. 

WISCONSIN. 

Land. — Bound Wisconsin. What is its population ? 
How many counties has it ? What group of islands in 
Lake Superior ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital of Wisconsin ? How 
is it situated ? Where is Prairie DufChien ? Milwaukie ? 
Kenosha ? Sheboygan ? Fond du Lac ? Green Bay ? 
Racine ? Cassville ? What towns on or near Lake Mich- 
igan ? Winnebago ? Mississippi river ? Wisconsin ? 
Rock ? 

Water — Lakes. — What lake on the east ? What is 
said of it ? What lake on the northwest ? What is 
said of it ? Where is Green Bay ? Sturgeon ? Fond du 
Lac ? Where is Winnebago lake, and what outlet has it? 
Kayesikang ? Namebin ? Makwa ? Kino ? Manomi- 
nikan ? Mille ? Court Oreilles ? Flambeau ? Labiche ? 



48 moss's questions. 

First, Second, and Third Lakes ? Koskonong ? St. Croix % 
Pepin % 

Rivers. — What two rivers on the west ? What large 
river intersects this State ? How long is it ? What 
branches has the Mississippi in Wisconsin ? What two 
large rivers rise in this State and flow through Illinois 
into the Mississippi? Where does the St. Croix rise, 
what direction does it take, and where does it empty ? 
Chippewa ? What are its principal branches ? Black ? 
Wisconsin? What are its principal branches'? Fox? 
How long is it ? What branch has it ? Oconto ? Pesh- 
tego 1 Menomonee ? How long is it ? 

MICHIGAN. 

Land. — Of what does Michigan consist? Bound the 
southern peninsula. Bound the northern peninsula. What 
Islands in Lake Superior ? Michigan? Huron? What 
noted natural curiosity on the southern shore of Lake Su- 
perior? Where is Shawtomeog Point? Sleeping Bear 
Point ? Point au Sables? Little Point au Sables ? Point 
Paterson? Point de Tour? Point au Sables ? Granite 
Point ? Kewenaw Point ? White Fish Point ? Point au 
Barques? What is the population of Michigan ? How 
many counties does it contain ? 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital ? How is it situated ? 
Where is Detroit, the former capital ? Mackinaw, a noted 
trading post ? Monroe ? Ann Arbor ? Jackson ? Ypsi- 
lanti ? Adrian ? Sault de St. Marie ? Marshall ? Kala- 
mazoo ? St. Joseph ? Monroe ? Eagle Harbor ? What 
towns on or near Lake Michigan? Erie? St. Clair 
lake, and river ? Detroit river ? St. Josephs ? Kala- 
mazoo ? Grand ? Raisin ?- Saginaw, and its branches ? 
Huron ? 

Water, Lakes, Bays, &c. — What lake west and north- 
west of the southern peninsula ? East and north-east ? 
What is said of it? What two on the south-east ? What 
lake on the peninsula north of the northern peninsula ? 
What lakes in the southern ? Where is Kewenaw Bay ? 



moss's questions. 49 

Grand Traverse Bay % Tah-qua-me-naw % Big Bay No- 
quet ? Little Bay Noquet ? Green Bay ? Thunder Bay ? 
Saginaw Bay ? What strait connects Lake Huron with 
Lake St. Clair ? St. Clair with Erie ? Michigan with 
Huron ? Huron with Superior ? 

Rivers. — Where does the St. Joseph's river rise, what 
direction does it take, and where does it empty ? Kala- 
mazoo ? Grand ? Moskegon ? Manistee ? Thunder 
Bay ? Sable ? Saginaw ? What are its main branches ? 
Huron ? Raisin % What rivers in the northern penin- 
sula ? What small lakes in the southern peninsula ? 
Where is Lake Vieux Desert % What river is it the 
source of? What two rivers between Wisconsin and 
Michigan ? 

CALIFORNIA. 

(See Map of the United States.) 
Bound California. What is its capital ? How is it sit- 
uated ? What town on the coast ? How is San Francisco 
situated? Stockton? Sacramento City? What other 
towns in California % What mountains ? What peaks in 
the north ? What precious metal is found in great abund- 
ance in California ? What capes on the coast ? What 
islands ? 

Water. — What ocean on the west ? What bays ? 
Name the principal rivers of California. Where does 
each rise, what course does it take, and where does it 
empty ? What lake in the southeast ? What strait on 
the southern coast 1 



Through what waters will you sail, and what capes and 
islands will you pass, in travelling from Detroit to Chi- 
cago ? Through what strait and lake will you sail in 
going from Detroit to Buffalo, N.Y. 1 What towns will 
you pass in crossing Michigan, by railroad, from Detroit 
to New Buffalo ? 

5 



50 moss's questions. 



LESSON XXVI. 

REVIEW EXERCISES ON THE FOREGOING MAPS 
OF THE UNITED STATES. 



States and Territories. — Which of the states bor- 
der on the Atlantic ? On the Gulf of Mexico % On the 
Great Lakes ? What three on the north, or right bank 
of the Ohio ? What two, on the south or left bank 1 
What states on the left (east) bank of the Mississippi 1 j 
On the right bank ? Which State is intersected by it ? 
What states and territory^ have the Missouri for their | 
western boundary % What State is intersected by the i; 
Arkansas % By the Susquehanna ? What two by the I 
Connecticut % What territory has the Missouri for its 
eastern boundary % What territories between the Mis- 
sissippi and the Pacific % . Which of the States are pe- 
ninsulas ? What State and territory are separated by the 
St. Croix 1 What State and province are separated by 
the St. Croix ? Through what States does the Red 
river flow % What State and territory does it separate % 
What States are separated by the Wabash % Chata- 
hoochee % Pearl % Savannah % Potomac ? Delaware % 
Connecticut 1 Sabine'? Hudson'? Salmon Falls ? Lake 
Champlain % What does the Rio Grande separate ? 

Cities and Towns. — Name the capitals of the I 
New England States. How are they situated ? The 
largest towns. How are they situated ? The capitals | 
of the Middle States. How are they situated 1 The } 
largest towns. How are they situated 1 The capi- \ 
tals of the Southern States. How are they situated ? f 
The largest towns. How are they situated ? The capi- \ 
tals of the Western States. How are they situated %\ 
The largest towns. How are they situated ? 

Islands. — Where is Long fsland 1 Grand Island % \ 
Mount Desert Island 1 Key West ? Nantucket ? Isle 
Royale ^ Martha's Vineyard 1 Block Island ? Macki- 



moss's questions. 51 

i naw ? Grand Isle ? Staten Island ? Santa Rosa ? 
| Sullivan's Island ? Chandeluer ? The Apostles *? 

Capes. — Where is Kewenaw Point % Point au Bar- 
■. ques % Point Charlotte ? Cape Sable ? Canaveral 1 
! Romain "? St. Bias % Cape Fear ? Lookout ? Hat- 
; teras ? Henry ? Charles ? Henlopen % May ? Sandy 
. Hook % Montauk Point % Point Judith ? Cape Mala- 
! bar % Cod ? Ann % Pemaquid Point % Cape Small 
Point % Cape Elizabeth ? Cape Porpoise ? Cape Ned- 
I dock ? Conception Point ? Point Pines ? Cape Men- 
: docino % Oxford ? Point St. George ? 

Latitude and Longitude. — Of New York % Bos- 
ton % Washington % Philadelphia 1 Charleston % Mo- 
bile % New Orleans ? St. Louis ? Cincinnati ? San 
Francisco 1 Chicago ? Milwaukie ? 



LESSON XXYII. 

REVIEW EXERCISES CONCLUDED. 

water. 
Oceans, Gulfs, Bays, &c. — Between what oceans 
do the United States lie? What large gulf on the 
southeast'? How long and wide is it 1 Where is the 
Bay of San Francisco ? To what water is it tri- 
butary ? Monterey Bay % Grays % Trinidad % Mata- 
gorda % Fond du Lac % Timbalier % Mobile ? Green ? 
Delaware 1 Chesapeake ? Passamaquoddy ? Penob- 
scot ? Massachusetts 1 Cape Cod ? Casco ? Ma* 
cliias? Frenchmans? Buzzards'? Narragansett ? Peco- 
nic'? South Bay? Little Egg Harbor? Great Egg 
Harbor ? Raleigh Bay ? Onslow Bay ? Winyaw Bay ? 
Charlotte Harbor ? Tampa Bay \ Wakasasse Bay 1 
Appalache Bay 1 Choctawhatchee Bay (Inlet) ? Pensa- 
cola Bay % Perdido 1 Mobile % Pascagoula ? Bara- 



52 moss's questions. 

taria % Atchafalya ? Cote Blanche ? Vermillion ? Gal- 
veston ?• Corpus Cbristi? Kewenaw? Tahquame- 
naw ? Saginaw ? 

Straits. — Where is Sault St. Marie, and what waters 
does it connect ? Strait of Mackinaw ? St. Clair River ? 
Detroit River ? Niagara River ? St. Andrews Sound ? 
St. Mary's Sound ? Port Royal Entrance % St. Helena 
Sound ? Ocracoke Inlet 1 Roanoke Inlet % Currituck 
Inlet ? Barnegat Inlet ? Long Island Sound ? Vine- 
yard Sound ? Strait of Juan de Fuca % Puget Sound ? 

Lakes. — Where is the Great Salt Lake ? Name the 
great lakes in the order of their size. Which one of them 
is wholly within the United States % Where is Lake 
Chintaceh? What outlet has it? Pyramid Lake ? Moose- 
head ? Itasco ? Moosetocmaguntic % Umbagog ? Ap- 
moojenegamook ? Winnipiseogee ? Squaw ? Grand ? 
Pemadumcook ? Connecticut % Memphremagog ? Cham- 
plain ? George ? Oneida ? Chautauque ? Canandai- 
gua ? Crooked ? Seneca ? Cayuga ? Otsego ? Owasco ? 
Skeneateles ? Scroon ? Okeechotee ? Ponchartrain ? 
Borgne? Sabine? Bisteneau ? Caddo? Grand? Win- 
nebago ? Pepin ? St. Croix ? St. Clair ? Lake of 
the Woods ? 

Rivers. — What large river drains Oregon ? Into what 
river does the Red flow ? In what lake does the Red 
flow ? Into what bay does the Rio Colorado flow ? 
Into what gulf does the Rio Colorado flow ? Name the 
principal rivers of the New England States. Of the Mid- 
dle States. Of the Southern States. Of the Western 
States. Into what do the rivers east and south of the Al- 
leghany mountains discharge their waters ? Between the 
Alleghany and Rocky Mountains ? West of the Rocky 
Mountains ? 



53 



LESSON XXVIII. 

MAP OF THE WEST INDIES. 

Land. — Tell by what waters each of the islands is sur- 
rounded. Where are the West India Islands situated 1 
Which is the largest % To what nation does it belong % 
How many square miles does it contain % By what races 
is it inhabited % What is its population % What is its 
capital 1 How is it situated ? Name the chief towns. 
What towns on the northern coast 1 On the southern % 
What cape at its eastern extremity % At its western 1 
On its northern coast ? On its southern ? What island 
ranks next to Cuba in size ? By what race is it chiefly 
inhabited ? What is its population % How many gov- 
ernments exist on the island, and what are their capitals ? 
[Hayti, or St. Domingo, was discovered by Columbus, 
December 5, 1495 ; it continued wholly in the possession 
of Spain till 1665, when the French, by treaty, obtained 
from Spain the cession of nearly one-third of the island. 
The French possessions increased in prosperity, and 
were gradually augmented, till, in 1776, they embraced 
more than half the island. In 1791', the memorable revolt 
of the slaves, in the western or French portion of the 
island, and the massacre of their masters, took place. In 
1800, independence was declared, and in 1803, the French 
were finally expelled from the island. The east or Span- 
ish portion, by the neglect of the mother country, became 
virtually independent, and remained so until 1820, when 
it was annexed to the Haytien government. In 1844, it 
revolted and established an independent government, un- 
der the title of " The Dominican Republic," which still 
exists. Its capital is St. Domingo. The French, or 
more properly the African, portion of the island, after 
various changes in its form of government, has finally 
settled down into " The Empire of Hayti," with Port au 
Prince for its capital.] What capes on the north coast 1 
5* 



54 moss's questions. 

What towns ? What capes on the south coast % What 
towns % What island ranks next to Hayti in size ? 
To what country does it belong % How many square 
miles does it contain ? What is its population % What 
is its capital, and how is it situated ? What other towns 
on the island ? Where is Morant Point ? What island 
ranks next to Jamaica in size ? To what nation does it 
belong 1 How many square miles does it contain 1 
What is its population ? What is its capital, and how 
situated ? What other towns on the island % What 
cluster of islands north of Cuba ? To what nation do 
they belong ? What is their population % Name the 
principal islands. For what is St. Salvador noted ? For 
what is Turk's island noted'? For the manufacture of 
salt. What town on New Providence island is the capi- 
tal of the Bahamas 1 What groups of islands southeast 
of Porto Eico % Which are the principal Leeward islands 1 
The principal Windward islands ? By what name is the 
northern coast of South America known % Where is the 
Isle of Pines, formerly a famous resort for pirates ? 
Where is Virgin Gorda ? To what nation does it belong ? 
Grenada % St. Christopher ? Barbadoes ? Antigua ? 
Anegada 1 St. Lucie ? Montserrat ? Nevis 1 Tobago % 
Trinidad ? Roatan ? Tortola ? Grenadines * Barbuda 1 
Anquilla 1 St. Vincent ? Dominica % Grand ? Cay- 
man % Crab? Desirade? Guadelupe 1 Marie Galante 1 
St. Martin ? (Northern part, French ; southern, Dutch.) 
Martinique ? Saintes ? Curacoa ? St. Eustatius % Saba ? 
St. Bartholomew % Santa Cruz ? St. John ? St. Thomas ? 
For what is Desirade noted % How man} r inhabitants has 
Port Espana (Spain), the capital of Trinidad ? What 
other towns on the island ? Where is Scarborough % . 
St. George % Bridgetown ? Kingstown ? What town 
on Martinique ? Dominica ? Guadalupe ? Antigua ? 
Capes. — Where is Cape San Antonio, and into what 
waters does it project % Point Mayei or Maize ? Cape 
Cruz ? Morant Point ? Cape Haytien % Raphael % 



moss's questions. 55 

Engano ? Faux ? Point Gravois ? Cape Florida ? 
Point Gallinas ? Cape Gracias au Dios % 

Water. — What ocean north and east of the West 
Indies % What sea south ? What is said of it % What 
gulf west 1 What sea south of Cuba 1 What channel 
north' ? What strait between Cuba and Hayti % What 
strait between Cuba and Florida ? What strait between 
Hayti and Porto Rico 1 What gulf west of Trinidad ? 
What strait at the eastern entrance ? Where is Provi- 
dence channel ? Where is Gulf Stream % What waters 
are connected by Windward Passage 1 By Mona Pas- 
sage ? Where is the Gulf of Paria? Where is Ser- 
pent's Mouth ? What two towns of the same name, one 
on the island of Jamaica, and the other in Hayti % Where 
is Mosquito Gulf? 



LESSON XXIX. 

MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. 

SOUTH AMERICA. — DIVISIONS OF LAND. 

Peninsulas, Capes, &c. — Bound South America. 
What natural division is it 1 How is it connected with 
the main land ? Where is the peninsula of St. Joseph, 
and into what waters does it project? Tres Montes? 
What capes on the north ? On the east 1 On the west 1 
What one on the south % Which is the most northern 1 
Southern % Eastern ? Western 1 Where is Cape Gal- 
linas 1 Into what waters does it project % Cape Orange ? 
North 1 St. Koque % Frio ? St. Maria ? San Antonio ? 
Corrientes ? Blanco ? Point Gallegos ? Blanco, 2d ? 
St. Francisco ? 

Islands. — Tell by what waters they are surrounded. 
What islands in the Caribbean sea 1 In the Atlantic 
ocean ? In the Pacific $ What large island off the 



56 

southern extremity of South America ? On what island 
is Cape Horn ? Ans. Cape Horn Island. What islands 
northeast of Terra del Fuego ? By what nations are they 
claimed ? Where are the Juan Fernandez Islands ? 
What are their names % For what is one of them noted ? 
Ans. As having been for several years the residence of 
Alexander Selkirk, or Robinson Crusoe. Where is the 
island of St. Catharine'? Joannes? Curacoa? Buen 
Ayre ? Tortuga? Margarita? Trinidad? Joannes? 
St. Sebastian ? East Falkland ? West Falkland ? Sta- 
ten Land ? Terra del Fuego ? Desolation ? Welling- 
ton ? Chiloe? Juan Fernandez ? Quibo? St. Catha- 
rine ? St. Francisco ? 

Mountains. — What range of mountains, adjacent to 
the Pacific coast, extends through the whole length of 
South America ? What is its length and average height? 
What is the name of its highest peak ? How high is it ? 
What other peaks ? How high are they ? What two 
ranges in Brazil ? What is the length of the Brazilian 
Andes ? 

DIVISIONS OF WATER. 

Oceans, Seas, &c. — What sea on the north ? What 
ocean on the west ? What ocean on the east ? Where 
is the Gulf of Venezuela ? Quaquil ? San Antonio ? 
Trinidad? Penas ? Chonos 1 ? Where is the Bay of 
Panama ? Darien ? All Saints ? Pisco ? Choco ? Pa- 
ranagua ? 

Rivers, Lakes, &c. — Where is Maracaybo Lake ? 
Titicaca ? Mirim ? Bevedero ? Oberava ? Name 
the longest river in South America. How long is it ? 
Name its branches on the north. How long are they ? 
Name its branches on the south. How long are they? 
Why are there no large rivers on the Pacific coast? 
What large river in the south ? How long is it ? How 
long are its principal branches ? What large river in the 
north ? How long is it? How many Rio Negro rivers 
are there in South America ? Where are they ? 



moss's questions. 57 

v 

Distances. — How far from Chili to Australia 1 From 
Bolivia to the Sandwich Islands'? From Rio Janeiro to 
the Cape of Good Hope ? 

TRAVELS. 

What would he your course, and through what waters 
and near what islands and capes would you pass in a 
voyage from Carthagena to Guayaquil % Maracaybo to 
Callao % La Guayra to Panama % Coquimbo to George- 
town? Cayenne to Assumption ? Bahias to Valparai- 
so % Rio Janeiro to Chagres'? Buenos Ayres to St. 
Martha % Valparaiso to Calderon % 



LESSON XXX. 

MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. 

POLITICAL DIVISIONS. 

Name the political divisions of South America. Which 
is the largest % Which the smallest % Which border on 
the Caribbean sea % Which on the Atlantic ? Which 
on the Pacific ? Which is inland ? What republic did 
Venezuela, New Granada and Equador formerly com- 
pose'? 

VENEZUELA. 

Land. — Bound Venezuela. What is its population ? 
What mountains on the west % What islands on the 
coast % What cape on the northwest % 

Cities, &c. — What is the capital, and how is it situ- 
ated ? Where is Maracaybo % Valencia ? Cumana % 
Truxillo 1 Angostura 1 Merida ? La Guayra ? San 
Carlos ? Esmaralda'? 

Water. — What sea on the north 1 What gulf in the 
northwest ? What lake 1 How long is it 1 What is 
the name of the principal river % How long is it % Name 



58 

its branches. Where does it rise, what direction does it 
take, and where does it empty % What two rivers are 
connected by a canal ? 



Land — How is Guiana divided ? What is the eastern 
division called, and to what nation does it belong % The 
central division % The western division? Bound British 
Guiana. What is the capital, and how is it situated % 
What other towns has it ? What is its population % 
Bound Dutch Guiana. What is its capital, and how is 
it situated % What is its population % Bound French 
Guiana. What is its capital, and how is it situated % 
What is its population % 

Water. — What ocean on the north ? What river in 
British Guiana % In Dutch Guiana ? On the boundary 
between Dutch and French Guiana % On the eastern 
boundary of French Guiana % W T hat is the direction, 
and into what body of water do all these rivers flow ? 



LESSON XXXI. 

MAP OF SOUTH; AMERICA. 

BRAZIL. 

Land. — Bound Brazil. What is its population 1 What 
is its most eastern extremity called 1 What other capes 
between it and Guiana ? Between it and Uruguay 1 
What islands off the coast % Which is the largest ? 
What mountains are in Brazil % What are the Pampas 1 
Ans. They are vast grassy plains. Name the provinces 
of Brazil. 

Cities. — What is the capital of Brazil, and how is it 
situated % What is its population 1 Where is Bahia % 
Pernambuco % Maranham ? What other towns on the 



moss's questions. 59 

coast ? What towns on the Amazon ? San Francisco ? 
What town on St. Catharine's Island ? 

Water. — What body of water on the east? What 
bays on the coast 1 What lake in the south ? Name the 
rivers of Brazil. Name the branches of- the Amazon on 
the north. On the south. What is the length of the 
principal rivers of Brazil ? Where does the Amazon 
rise, what direction does it take, and where does it empty 1 ? 
Rio Negro 1 Zapura ? Putumayo ? Jutay ? Jurna ? 
Jeffe? Puras? Madeira? Tapajos ? Xinqua? Ara- 
guay % Tocantins 'I Maranham 1 Parnaiba ? St. Fran- 
cisco 1 Diamond ? Doce % Parana % 



Land. — Bound Paragua. What is its population 1 
What is its capital, and how is it situated ? What other 
town % 

Water. — What river on the west ? How long is it ? 
What river on the south and east ? How long is it 1 

URUGUAY. 

Land. — Bound Uruguay. What is its population ? 
What cape on the coast 1 What is the capital, and how 
is it situated % What town on the coast % 

Water. — What ocean on the southeast ? What lake 
in the eastern part 1 What river on the south % How 
long is it % What river on the west ? How long is it 1 
Where does it rise? what direction does it take, and 
where does it empty 1 What small river wholly in 
Uruguay % 

BUENOS AYRES, OR ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 

Land. — Bound Buenos Ayres. What is its population % 
What capes on the coast 1 What mountains on the west % 

Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated 1 
Where is Catamarca % Cordova? Mendoza? Tucuman? 



60 

Salta ? What other towns in Buenos Ayres, and how 
are they situated ? 

Water. — What water on the southeast ? What bay ? 
What Jakes in Buenos Ayres? What rivers'? How 
Jong are they * Where does the Paraguay rise ? what 
course does it take, and where does it empty ? Pil- 
comayo ? Vermeja % Salado ? Dulce % (empties into 
lake De los Porougos.) Parana ? Uruguay ? Salado ? 
Colorado'? Rio de la Plata ? 



LESSON XXIII. 

MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. 

PATAGONIA. 

Land. — Bound Patagonia. What is its estimated po- 
pulation ? What is the character of its inhabitants ? 
What tribes in the west ? What mountains in the west ? 
How long and high are they 1 What peninsula on the 
east ? On the west ? What capes on the east ? What 
islands east of Patagonia ? By what nations are they 
claimed ? What large island south ? What islands and 
capes south of it ? What islands orT the west coast % 

Water. — What water on the east? On the west? 
On which coast is the gulf of San Antonio ? Nuevo ? 
Chonos ? Penas ? Trinidad ? Archipelago de la Madre 
de Dios ? Port Desire ? Port Sta. Cruz ? Where is the 
Strait of Magellan, and what waters are connected by it ? 
How long and wide is it ? 



Land. — Bound Chili. W T hat is its population ? What 
independent nation of Indians in the south ? What 



moss's questions. 61 

mountains on the coast ? What large island on the south 1 
Name the other islands belonging to Chili. 

Cities. — What is the capital, and how situated 1 Name 
the other towns, and their situation. Which is the 
largest town in Chili, and one of the chief seaports of 
South America ? 

Water. — What ocean on the west ? Why are there 
no large rivers in Chili ? 

BOLIVIA. 

Land. — Bound Bolivia. What is its population % 
What mountains on the west % What is said of one of 
the peaks % How high is it ? How many miles of sea- 
coast has Bolivia'? 

Cities. — What is the capital of Bolivia, and how is it 
situated % Where is La Paz % Tarija ? Cobija ? Oruro ? 
Sta. Cruz ? Potosi, noted for its silver mines ? Coch- 
abamba ? 

Water. — What water on the south- west? What lake 
forms part of the western boundary % What large river 
drains the greater part of Bolivia % By what rivers is it 
formed % How long is it % . What river on the western 
boundary ? How long is it ? What expansion has it ? 
What large river in the south % How long is it ? What 
important river is formed by the junction of these two 
rivers 1 Where does the Beni river rise, what coarse 
does it take, and where does it empty % Mamore ? 
Blanca % Paraguay ? Pilcomayo ? Purus % 



i 



62 moss's questions. 

LESSON XXXIII. 

MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. 



Land. — Bound Peru. What is its population ? What v 
mountains intersect it in the west ? What cape on the j 1 
coast ? 

Cities. — What is the capital ? What town near is the 
chief seaport of Peru? Where is Arequipa? Puno 
Truxillo ? Huancavelica, noted for its quicksilver ? '<•■ 
Cusco % Paso ?. Guamanga 1 Arica ? Pisco ? Name | 
all the towns on or near the coast. On or near the f 1 
Ucayale. 

Water. — What ocean on the west? How long and P 
wide is it ? What large lake on the southwest ? How 1 
long is it ? What great river has its source in Peru ? 
How many miles from its source to its mouth ? Which 
of its branches lie wholly in Peru ? Which merely have j 
their source in Peru ? Where does the Maranonj rise, '■> 
what course does it take, and where does it empty ? ^ 
Huallaga? Ucayale? Javary? Purus % Jutay ? " 
Jurna j f 

EQUADOR. 

Land. — Bound Equador. What is its population ? 
What range of mountains intersect it % What peaks J 
has it in Equador % Which one of these is one of the [ 
most noted volcanoes on the earth? How high are two i 
of these peaks ? What cape on the coast ? What island l 
on the southwest ? 

Cities. — What is the capital ? What is its latitude ? | 
Where is Guayaquil ? San Luis? Cuenca? Loxa? 

Water. — What water on the west ? What gulf on I 
the southwest 1 What river forms the greater part of \ 
the boundary on the south ? What small river on the r 



63 

jsouthwestern boundary ? On the northwestern ? Where 
I does the Putumayo rise, what course does it take, and 
I where does it empty ? Zapura % How long are these 
i rivers ? 

NEW GRANADA. 

Land. — "Sound New Granada. What is its population ? 
| What mountains in New Granada? What isthmus on the 
; northwest ? What does it connect ? What is its length 
land width? Ans. About 300 miles long; general 
I breadth 40 miles, but where narrowest, not more than 28 
! miles from sea to sea. What island south of the 
isthmus ? 

Cities. — What is the capital of New Granada ? How 
is it situated ? What important town on the south shore 
of the isthmus ? On the north shore ? Where is 
Carthagena? St. Martha? Pasto ? Popoyan ? Pam- 
plona ? Honda ? 

Water. — What sea on the north ? What ocean on the 
west ? What bays on the west ? What bay on the 
north? What branches of the Amazon rise in New 
Granada ? Of the Orinoco ? What two large rivers lie 
wholly within New Granada? What is the length of 
these rivers ? What is their direction, and where do they 
empty ? What sea and ocean receive nearly all the 
waters of this country ? 



LESSON XXXIV. 
MAP OF EUROPE. 

DIVISIONS OF LAND. 

Peninsulas and Islands. — Bound Europe. What 
peninsula on the southwest ? Into what waters does it 
project ? What two on the south ? What one on the 
northwest ? What directly south of it ? What one in 



64 moss's questions. 

the south of Russia ? What large islands northwest of 
France ? By what waters are they surrounded ? What 
one northwest of these ? To what nation does it be- 
long % Where is Corsica ? To what nation does it be- 
long % Sardinia % The Balearic isles % Name the three 
principal islands of the group. To what nation do they 
belong 1 Where is Sicily, noted for its fertility ? Can- 
dia ? Zealand ? Funen 1 Laland ? A part of what 
kingdom are the last three ? Where is Malta ? To what 
nation does it belong % 

Capes and Mountains. — What is the most northern 
cape of Europe % Into what waters does it project 1 
Southern % Western ? Where is North Cape % 
Cape Trafalgar ? Matapan ? Passara 1 The Naze ? 
North Cape ? Lands End % Cape Clear ? Duncansby 
Head ? Cape Ortegal ? Finisterre 1 St. Vincent * What 
mountains on the northeast ? How long are they 1 
How high ? On the southeast % How long and high 
are they ? What, between Norway and Sweden 1 How 
long and high are they % What, in Spain % Between 
Spain and France % How long, and high are they % 
Where are the Alps % What is their length, and height 1 
Where are the Carpathian mountains ? What is their 
length, and height % Where are the Balkan mountains % 
How long and high are they ? Appenines % How long 
and high are they 1 Which is the longest range ? Which, 
the highest % 

Ocean and Seas. — What ocean on the north ? On 
the west % What seas on the south % What gulfs ^ 
Where is the North Sea ? Mediterranean 1 Archipelago ? 
Black % Marmora % Azov % Baltic 1 Irish % 

Gulfs and Bats. — Where is the Gulf of Finland 1 
To what larger body of water is it tributary 1 Venice % 
Bothnia % Genoa % Lyons % Taranto 1 Riga % What 
gulf north of Russia ? What bay west of France ? 
Where is Drontheim Fiord ? 

Where is St. George's Channel, and what waters does 
it connect 1 Bristol % English ? North ? Strait of 



moss's questions. 65 

Dover ? Skager Rack ? Cattegat ? Gibraltar 1 Bos- 
phorus ? Dardanelles ? Enikale ? Otranto ? Mes- 
sina ? Bonifacio ? 

Lakes and Rivers. — Where is the Caspian Sea 1 
Lake Onega T Ladoga 1 Baima % Tchoudsko % Wen- 
ner % Wetter 1 Geneva 1 Enare % 

Which is the largest river in Europe % The next 1 
The next ? The next ? What rivers empty into the 
Atlantic ? Bay of Biscay ? North Sea ? Baltic ? 
White "? Caspian * Azov ? Black ? Gulf of Venice 1 
Mediterranean Sea ? 

TRAVELS. 

What would be your courses, through what waters, 
and near what islands and capes would you pass, fn a 
voyage from Archangel to Azov ? North Cape to 
Crimea % . Constantinople to St. Petersburg % Stockholm 
to Odessa ? Trieste to Copenhagen 1 London to Ancona ? 
Genoa to London % Dublin to Cairo % Edinburgh to 
Marseilles % Paris to Algiers % Amsterdam to Venice % 
Bordeaux to Smyrna ? Lisbon to Tornea ? Cadiz to 
Naples % Naples to Riga % Malta to Iceland 1 Odessa 
to Cork % Liverpool to Ajaccio ? 



LESSON XXXY. 

MAP OF EUROPE. 

POLITICAL DIVISIONS. 

What are the political divisions of Europe ? Which 
is the largest % What proportion does it bear to the rest 
of Europe 1 What two kingdoms on the northwest of 
Russia ? What two empires on the southwest % What 
kingdom west ? What large republic borders on the 
Atlantic ? What two kingdoms south 1 What two on 
the northeast % What celebrated kingdom on the north ? 
6* 



66 moss's questions. 

How is it divided ? What republic between France and 
Austria ? What kingdom north of Hanover % By what 
general name is Central Europe known % Of what does 
Germany consist % Ans. Of a number of confederated 
states, the principal of which are Austria and Prussia. 
What small kingdom south of Turkey 1 What are the 
governments of Italy % Ans. Monarchical, excepting 
the small republic of San Marino. 

RUSSIA.. 

Land. — Bound Russia. What is its population 1 
What cape on the north 1 What peninsula on the south 1 
What island in the Arctic ocean ? What cluster of 
islands at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia % What 
island in the Baltic, between the Gulfs of Riga and Fin- 
land ? In what zone is the north of Russia % What 
mountains on the east ? How long are they % On the 
south % How long are they 1 

Cities. — What is the capital ? How is it situated % 
Where is Moscow % Archangel ? Riga % Astrakhar % 
Odessa, the principal seaport of Southern Russia % 
Warsaw, the capital of the former kingdom of Poland 1 
Wilna % Orel % Cherson ? Saratov ? Toula 1 Oren- 
burg % Kazan ? Jaroslav % Tver ? Abo ? Koursk ? 
Moghilev % Revel % 

Water.— What ocean on the north % What sea 1 
How long is it % What Gulf? What seas on the south 1 
How long are they % What gulfs and sea on the west 1 
What is their size % What lakes in the west ? How 
long is Lake Onega % Lake Ladoga % What outlets 
have they ? These being the largest fresh water lakes 
in Europe, how do they compare with those of North 
America ? How is the Sea of Azov connected with the 
Black Sea ? What river forms the southwestern boun- 
dary % Southeastern 1 Where do the following rivers 
rise, what course do they take, where do they empty, and 
what are their lengths *? Ural ? Volga 1 Don % Dnie- 
per % Bog % Pruth 1 Dniester * Vistula 1 Niemen % 



moss's questions. 67 

Duna ? Divina ? Mezen 1 Patchora 1 What branch 
has the Don ? Volga 1 



LESSON XXXVI. 

MAP OF EUROPE. 

SWEDEN. 

Land. — Bound Sweden. What is its population ? 
What mountains on the west? How long and high are 
they? What country on the north? On the west? 
What do Sweden, Norway and Lapland form? Ans. 
The great Scandinavian Peninsula. What islands in the 
Baltic belonging to Sweden ? 

Cities. — What is the capital of Sweden, and how is it 
situated ? Where is Gottenburg, next to the capital, the 
chief seaport of Sweden ? Carlserona ? Fahlun ? Cal- 
mar? Upsala ? Sundswal ? Umea ? Pilea ? Tornea ? 

Water. — What gulf and sea on the east ? How large 
are they ? What strait on the southwest ? What waters 
does it connect? What river on the northeastern bound- 
ary ? Where do the rivers of Sweden have their source ? 
What would you judge their length to be ? Where do 
they empty ? What large lakes in Sweden ? How long 
are they ? 



' Norway is attached to the crown of Sweden ; that is, 
the king of Sweden is, by virtue of his office, king of 
Norway. In all other respects the governments are dis- 
tinct. 

Land— Bound Norway. What is its population ? 
What mountains in Norway ? What cape in the south ? 
What in the north ? What islands on the coast ? 

Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated ? 



68 

Where is Drontheim ? Christiansand ? Bergen? Als- 
tahoug ? 

Water. — What ocean on the north? On the west? 
What strait on the south ? What waters does it connect ? 
What small fiords (bays) indent the western coast ? 
What noted whirlpool in the Atlantic ? 

DENMARK. 

(See also the Map of Denmark.) 

Land. — Bound Denmark. Of what does it consist? 
Ans. Of the peninsula of Jutland, and the islands of Zea- 
land, Funen, Laland, &c. What is its population ? What 
large island west of Norway, belonging to Denmark? 
What is its size ? What noted volcano has it ? What 
cluster of islands between Norway and Iceland ? 

Cities. — What is the capital of Denmark, and how is 
it situated ? Where is Fleusburg ? Altona ? Gluck- 
stadt ? Aarhuas ? Aaalborg ? Sleswick ? 

Water. — What sea on the west ? Southeast ? What 
strait on the east ? North ? What waters do they con- 
nect? What river on the south ? 



LESSON XXXVII. 

MAP OF EUROPE, AND OF THE BRITISH 
ISLES. 

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 

Bound Great Britain. What are its divisions? What 
parts do they occupy ? Where is Ireland ? How do 
these four divisions compare in size ? What is the pop- 
ulation of each ? (The population of Wales is included 
in that of England.) What countries of Europe adja- 
cent to Great Britain ? 



69 

Mountains. — What mountains in Wales ? How high 
is the highest peak ? (Wyddva is the name of the highest 
peak of the Snowden range.) What mountains in Scot- 
land ? What peaks ? How high are they ? Which is 
the highest mountain in Great Britain ? 

Capes and Mountains. — Which is the most southern 
cape of Great Britain ? Northern? What capes on the 
eastern coast ? Western? Where are the following capes, 
and into what waters do they project I Duncansby Head ? 
Kennard's Head % Flamboro Head ? Beachy Head ? 
Portland Bill? Start Point? Lizard Point? Land's 
End ? Hartland Point ? St. David's Head ? Braichy 
Point? Butt of Lewis? Cape Wrath? What two 
clusters of islands north of Great Britain? What are 
the names of the Shetland Islands? Of the Orkney 
Islands ? What cluster west of Scotland ? [The Hebrides 
or Western Islands embrace all the islands on the west 
coast of Scotland, from the Firth of Clyde north. Those 
immediately adjacent to the coast are called the Inner 
Hebrides; the others the Outer.] What are the names of 
the Inner Hebrides ? Which is the largest ? Of the 
Outer Hebrides ? Which is the largest ? What small 
island is the most southern of the Outer Hebrides ? What 
noted island in the Irish sea ? What two islands in the 
St. George's Channel, northwest of Wales ? Where are 
the Scilly Islands ? Where is the Isle of Wight ? What 
cape or headland at the northern extremity of Ireland, 
and into what waters do they project ? At the southern? 
Where is Slyne Head ? Hog's Head ? Loop Head ? 
Mizen Head? Gaily Head? Cape Clear? Cansore 
Point? Hoath Head? Malin Head? Tillin Head ? 
Binwi Head ? Where are the North Arran Islands ? 
South Arran ? Where is Inish Bonin ? Achil ? Tory ? 



70 moss's questions. 

LESSON XXXVIII. 

MAP OF EUROPE, AND BRITISH ISLES. 

GREAT BRITAIN. 

Oceans, Seas, &c. — What ocean on the north and 
west? What sea on the east 1 ? From what countries 
does it separate Great Britain % What sea between Eng- 
land and Ireland? What channel south of England? 
What south of Wales ? Is this a channel ? What is it 
properly? What channel between Wales and Ireland? 
Between Scotland and Ireland ? By what name is the 
strait between the Outer and Inner Hebrides called ? Be- 
tween the Outer Hebrides and Scotland? Between the 
Orkneys and Scotland ? Where is Dover strait and what 
waters does it connect? What firths or friths on the 
east coast of Scotland? On the west coast? What 
lochs on the west coast ? What lakes (lochs) in Scot- 
land ? Which one of these is the largest lake in Great 
Britain ? What lakes in Ireland ? Where is Cardigan 
Bay ? Morecamby ? Luce ? Galway ? Black-sod ? 
Tralee? Dingle? Kenmore ? Bantry ? Dundalk ? 
Dendrum? Belfast Lough? Lough Foyle? Lough 
Swilly? Where is Cork Harbor? Dungarvan ? Where 
is Milford Haven? Where is the roadstead called "The 
Downs?" Where is the estuary called "The Wash?" 
How far from Liverpool to New York ? From Bristol to 
New York ? From Cork to Bristol ? From Scotland to 
Labrador ? 

Rivers. — What rivers of England empty into the North 
Sea ? Into the Irish Sea and Bristol Channel ? Where 
do each of the following rivers rise, what course do they 
take, where do they empty, and how long are they? 
Thames? Blackwater? Yare ? Ouse ? Great Ouse ? 
Humber? Trent? Swale? Tees? Tweed? Ribble? 
Mersey? Dee? Severn? Which is the longest river in 



moss's questions. 71 

England ? Which is part of the boundary between Eng- 
land and Scotland 1 Where do the following rivers rise, 
what course do they take, and where do they empty? 
Dee? Spey? Clyde? Nith ? Which of these rivers is 
the largest in Scotland ? What waters are connected by 
the Caledonian Canal ? Where do the following rivers 
rise, what course do they take, and where do they empty ? 
Suir? Nore ? Barrow? Blackwater? Boyne ? Car- 
lingford ? Bann ? Shannon ? Which is the largest 
river in Ireland ? How long is it ? Are there any large 
rivers in Wales ? Why not ? 



LESSON XXXIX. 

MAP OF THE BRITISH ISLES. 

ENGLAND AND WALES. 

Cities. — What city is the capital of England, and of 
the whole British Empire ? Where is it situated, and 
what is its population ? Where is Greenwich, the town 
from which longitude is reckoned ? Where is Birming- 
ham, noted for its general hardware? Sheffield, for its 
cutlery ? Manchester, for its cotton goods ? Liverpool, 
for its American trade ? Bristol, for the same ? New- 
castle, for its coal mines ? Kidderminster, for its carpets ? 
York, for its cathedral? Leeds, for its woolen goods? 
Cambridge, for its Universities ? Oxford, for the same ? 
Bath, for its medicinal springs, and as a fashionable re- 
sort? Brighton, for its sea-bathing facilities? Ports- 
mouth, as the principal naval station of Great Britain ? 
Falmouth, for its excellent harbor? Plymouth, for its 
dock yard, and as being the last place from which " The 
Mayflower" sailed on her way to America ? Southampton, 
as being the port from which the British West India 
steamers start? Hastings, for the battle which gave Eng- 



72 moss's questions. 

land to William the Conqueror? Dover, for its chalk 
cliffs ; and as the nearest town to the continent ? King- 
ston upon Hull, as a seaport ? Halifax, for its ex- 
tensive manufacture of woolen cloth, &c. I? Where is 
Ipswich? Shrewsbury? Preston? Reading? Nor- 
wich ? Leicester ? Derby ? Chester ? What towns in 
Wales have over 3000 inhabitants ? Where is Holywell? 
Dongelly ? Pembroke? Swansea, noted for the coal, 
copper, and tin mines in its vicinity ? Holyhead, as the 
nearest port to Dublin ? 

SCOTLAND. 

Cities. — Where is Edinburgh, the metropolis of Scot- 
land ? Where is Glasgow, noted as being, next to Man- 
chester, the largest cotton manufacturing town in the 
kingdom ? Aberdeen, a celebrated manufacturing town, 
and seaport ? Dundee, the chief seat of the British linen I 
manufacture ? Stirling, noted for its castle ? Perth, a 
manufacturing city ? Inverness, the great sheep and wool 
market of the Scottish Highlands ? Dumfries, a seaport 
noted for its cattle market ? Port Patrick, for its trade 
with Ireland ? Where is Dunbar, celebrated in Scottish 
history ? Paisley, noted for its shawls ? Greenock, for its 
shipyards 1 Where is .Montrose ? Berwick ? Kilmar- 
nock, noted for its manufactures ? 

IRELAND. 

Cities. — Where is Dublin, the capital ? Cork, 
noted for its fine harbor? Killarney, for its beautiful 
lakes ? Belfast, for its linen manufacture, and as the first 
commercial town in Ireland? Londonderry, a seaport 
famous for its siege in 1689 ? Gal way ? Sligo? Drog- I 
heda ? Dundalk ? Waterford^ one of the most commer- 
cial towns of Ireland ? Limerick, famous for its siege in 
1691 ? Dungarvan, a watering place ? Clonmell ? En- | 
niskillen? Tralee ? Bandon ? Kilkenny? Ennis ? 
Castlebar? Wexford? Carlo w ? Dundalk? Coleraine ? 
Carrickfergus ? Cashel ? Youghal ? 



73 



LESSON XI. 

MAP OF EUROPE AND OF FRANCE. 



Land. — Bound France. What is its population % 
What cape on the north-west % What island % What 
large island in the Mediterranean, noted as the birth-place 
of Bonaparte 1 What mountains in the south of France % 
How long and high are they 1 What do they form the 
boundary between 1 What mountains between France 
and Switzerland % What, in the southeast of France % 

Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated % 
Where is Havre, the principal Atlantic seaport % Mar- 
seilles, the principal Mediterranean seaport % Where are 
Aix, Brest; Cherbourg, and Toulon, the naval depots of 
France 1 Bordeaux, a principal seaport, noted for its 
wines ? Bayonne, another seaport, noted for the inven- 
tion and first use of the bayonet 1 L'Orient, noted for its 
naval school ? Where are Lyons, Nismes, Avignon, 
Tours, and St. Etienne, noted for their manufacture of 
silk % Where are Sedan, Louviers, Rouen, Amiens, 
Elbeuf, Bernay, Lodeve, Carcassonne, and Chateauroux, 
noted for the manufacture of woolen cloth % Where are 
Lille, Dieppe, and Alencon, noted for their manufacture 
of lace % Where is Sevres, noted for its beautiful china- 
ware % Rennes % Calais % Metz 1 Toulouse ? Orleans i 
Nancy ? Versailles % [It is noted for its grand collection of 
paintings and statues, illustrating the history of France, 
which are deposited in the palace, made famous by the 
attack of the Paris mob at the commencement of the 
great French Revolution.] Strasbourg ? La Rochelle ? 
Montpellier ? Perpignon % Caen ? Clermont ? Nantes, 
a celebrated commercial city % 

Water. — What channel on the north % What strait ? 
How wide is it % What waters does it connect, and what 
7 



74 moss's questions. 

countries separate ? What bay and ocean on the west 1 
What sea and gulf on the south-east 1 

Rivers. — What important river forms part of its east- 
ern boundary % Where does this river rise, what course 
does it take, through what countries does it flow, and 
where does it empty 1 How Jong is it % What river in 
the south-east 1 Where does it rise, what course does it 
take, and where does it empty % How long is it 1 De- 
scribe each of the other rivers of France in the same 
manner. How is Toulouse connected with the Gulf of 
Lyons % 



LESSON XLL 

MAP OF EUROPE, AND OF SPAIN AND 
PORTUGAL. 

SPAIN. 

Land. — Bound Spain. What is its population % With 
Portugal, what peninsula does it form ? Ans. The Spanish 
peninsula. What capes on the north-west ? What cape 
on the east % What islands, belonging to Spain, in the 
Mediterranean % What mountains between Spain and 
France ? What, in the north-west % What, in the 
centre % What, in the south-east ? 

Cities. — What is the capital of Spain, and how is it 
situated % Where is Cadiz, the chief seaport % Malaga, 
noted for its wines and raisins % Granada, as the former 
capital of the Moorish kingdom of the same name % 
Barcelona, an important seaport % Valencia, a manufac- [ 
turing town anciently held by the Moors % Toledo, 
noted for the manufacture of the celebrated " Toledo 
(sword) blades'?" Cordova ? Ciudad Real ? Alicante 1 
Oviedo ? Corunna, before whose walls Sir John Moore 
was killed in 1808 ? Salamanca, the seat of the univer- 



moss's questions. 75 

sity % Saragossa, noted for the obstinate resistance its 
inhabitants made to the French army, in 1808 — 9 % (Dur- 
ing the siege 6000 of the inhabitants were killed in bat- 
tle, and above 30,000 perished from hunger and pesti- 
lence.) Tortosa % Bilboa % Valladolid % Seville, 
noted for its oranges ? Carthagena, originally a colony 
of ancient Carthage 1 What important town and fortress 
have the British in the south ? 

Water. — What ocean on the north-west, and south- 
west % What bay on the north % What sea on the east 
and south-east ? How are the ocean and sea connected % 
What two grand divisions of the earth are separated by 
this strait 1 How wide is it ? 

Rivers. — What rivers of Spain empty into the Medi- 
terranean % Into the Atlantic ? How long are these rivers % 
Where do each of these rivers rise, what course do they 
take, and where do they empty % 

PORTUGAL. 

Land. — Bound Portugal. What is its population * 
What mountains in Portugal % What capes on the 
coast % 

Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated ? 
Where is Oporto, the city from which port-wine is 
shipped ? Where is Coimbria, the seat of the university ? 
Faro, a seaport 1 Badajos, memorable for its siege dur- 
ing the Peninsular war % Valencia % What other cities 
in Portugal 1 

Water. — What ocean on the west and south % What 
are the rivers of Portugal % In what country do they all 
have their source ? 



76 moss's questions. 



LESSON XLII. 

MAP OF EUROPE, AND OF CENTRAL 
EUROPE. 

SWITZERLAND. 

Land. — Bound Switzerland. What is its population ? 
What mountains in Switzerland ? How long and high 
are they ? What noted peak in the south 1 What is the 
government of Switzerland % Ans. A confederated re- 
public % How many cantons or states are there in this 
confederation'? Ans. 22. 

Cities. — What three cities are each the capital, in turn 
for two years % Where is Neuchatel, noted for its 
watches and laces ? Schaffhausen, for the falls of the 
Rhine in its vicinity % Geneva, the most populous city in 
Switzerland ; noted for its manufacture of watches and 
jewelry, and for its literary institutions 1 Lausanne ? 
Basle ? Soleure ? 

Water. — What lakes in Switzerland ? The expansions 
of what rivers are they ? What two of the principal 
rivers of Europe rise in Switzerland % What branch of 
the Danube rises in the east ? 

HOLLAND. 

What is the proper name of this state ? " The King- 
dom of the Netherlands." Bound the Netherlands. 
What islands on the coast ! 

Cities.— What is the capital, and how is it situated % 
Where is Amsterdam, the chief city % Rotterdam, the 
secondary? Utrecht, famous for its treaty of 1713 T 
Breda, for the treaty of 1668, which ceded New York to 
England? Maestricht? Arnheim? Groningen ? Leeu- 
warden ? Zwolle? Helder ? Bergen op Zoom % 

Water. — What sea on the north and west % What is 
this sea frequently called % Ans. " The German Ocean." 



77 

What large sea or bay indents the Netherlands'? What 
three large rivers cross its territory, and empty into the 
North Sea ? 

BELGIUM. 

Land. — Bound Belgium. What is its population ? 

Cities. — What is the capital (noted for its carpets.) 
and how is it situated 1 Where is Waterloo 1 For what 
is it famous % Where is Antwerp, the chief commercial 
city? Ghent, noted for the treaty of 1814, between the 
United States and England % Liege % Bruges 1 Namur t 

Water. — What sea on the west % What two rivers 
intersect Belgium ? Where do they rise, what course 
do they take, and where do they empty 1 



LESSON XML 

MAP OF ENGLAND AND OF CENTRAL 
EUROPE. 

ITALY. 

Land. — What natural division is Italy 1 What does 
it resemble 1 Bound Italy. Where is Sicily ? Sar- 
dinia T What islands between Sicily and Italy? What 
island south of Sicily belonging to Great Britain 1 What, 
north of Sardinia belonging to France ? Where is Cape 
Tenlado 1 Passaro % Name the eight political divisions 
of Italy ? What mountains extend through Italy * 
What is their length and height 1 What mountains on 
the north 1 

Water. — What gulf on the east 1 (Frequently called 
the Adriatic Sea.) What sea on the south and west 1 

Rivers. — What is the principal river of Italy 1 Where 
does it rise, what course does it take, through what 
7* 



78 moss's questions. 

divisions does it flow, and where does it empty 1 What 
large branch has it from the north 1 What river on the 
northwest ? What rivers on the west % What lakes in 
Italy ! 

KINGDOM OF SARDINIA. 

By what name is it known on the map % Bound Sar- 
dinia ? What large island is embraced in this kingdom % 
Am. Sardinia. What is the population of the kingdom % 

Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated ? 
Where is Genoa, formerly a celebrated commercial re- 
public ; and the birth-place of Columbus % Alessandria, 
near to which, on the 14th of June, 1800, was fought the 
battle of Marengo % What cities on the island of Sar- 
dinia ? 

Venitian Lombardy, or the kingdom of Lombardy 
and Venice, has no political existence ; it is a general 
name applied to Austrian Italy. As it is an integral 
portion of Austria, we will defer its study until we come 
to that empire. 

DUCHY OF PARMA. 

Bound it. What is its population 1 What is its 
capital, and how is it situated 1 

DUCHY OF MODENA. 

Bound Modena. What is its population % What is 
its capital, and how is it situated. 

GRAND DUCHY OF TUSCANY. 

Bound it. What is its population 1 What is its 
capital, and how situated % Where is Leghorn, the chief 
commercial city of Italy, noted for its manufacture of 
straw hats % Where are Siena, Lucca and Pisa, republics 
of the middle ages % Where is Piombino ? 



79 



STATES OF THE CHURCH, OR THE POPEDOM. 



Bound them. What is their capital, and how is it 
situated ? Where is Ancona, the chief seaport 1 Civita 
Vecchia, the second seaport \ Ravenna % Where is 
Bologna the next populous city to Rome'? Loretto ? 
Terracina 1 Rimini, the first town occupied by Caesar, 
after crossing the Rubicon % Where is San Marino, 
the oldest republic in existence 1 

The Kingdom of Naples, or the Kingdom of the Two 
Sicilies, comprises the whole southern part of Italy, the 
island of Sicily, and some small adjacent islands. What 
division on the north of Naples 1 What is the capital of 
this kingdom (noted for its beautiful bay), and how is it 
situated ? What towns on the Gulf of Venice ! Where 
is Gaeta, a strongly fortified seaport ? Aquila ? Salerno, 
anciently the seat of the great medical school of Europe ? 
Taranto 1 Messina ! Palermo ? What volcano in 
Naples ? How high is it ? What volcano in Sicily 1 
How high is it % Where is Stromboli, called on account 
of its constant activity, " The Light-House of the Medi- 
terranean 1 Arts. On the island of Stromboli, one of the 
Lipari group ? What is the population of the kingdom ? 



LESSON XLIV. 

MAP OF EUROPE AND OF GREECE. 



KINGDOM OF GREECE. 



Land.— Bound Greece. What is its population? 
What natural division is it ? How is the peninsula of 
Morea, the ancient Peloponnesus, formed ? What cape at 
its southern extremity ? What isthmus connects Morea 
with the upper peninsula ? Ans. Corinth. Where is 



80 

the island of Negropont % Syria ? Santorin, noted for 
its wines ? Milo, for its fine harbor, and trade 1 Tinos, 
and Andros, noted for their silks, fruits, and wines % . 
What other islands in this Archipelago ? What cele- 
brated mountain on the northern peninsula % 

Cities. — Where is Athens, the capital, anciently the 
seat of learning 1 Where is Corinth, to the church of 
which St. Paul addressed two epistles ? Navarino, noted 
for the battle in its bay, Oct., 1827, in which the com- 
bined English, French, and Russian fleets, destroyed the 
Turkish fleet ; and thus led to the acknowledgement of 
the independence of Greece % Arcadia ? What other 
towns on the Morea % Where is Hermopolis ? Lepanto 1 
What other towns on the upper peninsula ? 

Water. — What gulf nearly insulates Greece 1 What 
sea on the south, and west ? On the east % What gulfs I 
indent the eastern coast ? The western % 

IONIAN REPUBLIC. 

Land. — What group of islands west, and south of I 
Greece ? What is their number ? What are their names ? 
What is their population ? What is their government % 
Ans. An Aristocratic Republic, under the protection of 
Great Britain. 

Cities. — Where is Corfu, the capital, and one of the 
British naval stations % Where is Zante, noted for its 
commerce, and for the Zante currants, which are pro- 
duced in great abundance in the surrounding country ? j 
Argostoli ? Lixuri ? Capsali 1 

Water. — In what sea do these islands lie ? 

MAP OF EUROPE. 

TURKEY. 

Land. — Bound Turkey. What is its population 1 
What mountains on the north ? What, intersect Turkey | 
from east to west ? Where is the island of Candia % 
Lemnos ? 



81 

Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated 1 
Where is Adrianople, the second city in Turkey, noted 
for its manufacture of leather ? Salonica, the ancient 
Thessalonica 1 Belgrade, the capital of the tributary 
principality of Servia 1 Bucharest, the capital of the 
tributary principality of Wallachia T Jassy, the capital 
of the tributary principality of Moldavia ? Sophia, an 
important trading and manufacturing town ? Silistria % 
Candia 1 Middin ? Varna, a seaport ? Seres, noted 
for its commerce, its manufactures, and for the cotton plan- 
tations in its neighborhood 1 Larissa 1 Joanina ? Ibaila ? 
Burgas % 

Water. — What sea on the east ? What two on the 
south ? What one west ? What gulf west ? What 
waters are connected by the Strait of Otranto 1 Darda- 
nelles ? Bosphorus ? What river forms the boundary 
between Turkey and Russia % What, crosses the northern 
part of Turkey % Where does the Pruth rise, what course 
does it take, through what countries does it run, and 
where does it empty 1 Danube % How long is the 
Pruth % Danube % 



LESSON XLV. 

MAP OF EUROPE, AND OF CENTRAL 
EUROPE. 

GERMANY. 

Land. — What states constitute Germany 1 flow is 
Germany bounded 1 Ans. On the north, by the North 
Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic; on the east, by Russian, 
Austrian, and Prussian, Poland ; on the south, by the 
Gulf of Venice, Italy, and Switzerland ; and on the west, 
by France, Belgium, and Holland. What island in the 
Baltic belonging to Prussia % What mountains between 



82 moss's questions. 

Austria and Prussia ? Austria and Saxony 1 Austria 
and Turkey ? Austria and Italy % Austria and Bavaria 1 
What ranges in Austria ? 

Water. — What two seas on the north? What gulf 
on the south % What lakes in Germany ? What outlets 
have they ? Name the rivers of Germany ? Where 
does the Rhine rise, what course does it take, through 
what countries does it flow, and where does it empty ? 
Weser % Elbe ? Oder % Danube 1 What large branch 
has the Rhine from the east ? What branches has the 
Elbe ? Danube ? What branch has the Po in Ger- 
many ? What river forms part of the boundary between 
Germany and France % 

EMPIRE OF AUSTRIA. 

What divisions of Austria belong to Germany % Ans. 
Bohemia, in the northwest, — capital, Prague; Austria 
proper, both sides of the Danube, bordering on Bavaria, 
Bohemia, and Hungary, — capitals, Vienna, and Lintz; 
Styria, south of Austria, — capital, Gratz; Illyria, be- 
tween Styria and Venetian Lombardy, — capital, Inns- 
pruck ; and Moravia, between Bohemia and Hungary, — 
capital, Brunn. 

What divisions of Austria have no political connection 
with Germany 1 

Ans. Hungary, (including Croatia, between the Drave 
and the Gulf of Venice, — capital, Agram; and Slavonia, 
between the Drave, Danube, and Save rivers, — capital, 
Esseck ;) between Turkey and Austria proper, — capital, 
Buda; Galicia, or Austrian Poland, (including, since 
1846, the former republic of Cracow) — capital, Lemberg j 
Transylvania, between Hungary and the Turkish pro- 
vince of Moldavia, — capital, Clausenburg; Dalmatia, 
between Turkey and the Gulf of Venice, — capital, Zara ; 
and Venetian Lombardy, or Austrian Italy, — capital, 
Milan. 

Bound Austria. What is its population ? 



moss's questions. 83 

j Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated 1 
! Where is Venice, the capital of an ancient republic, noted 
ij for its beautiful situation on 136 small islands; and for 
i the wealth and commercial enterprise of its former in- 
! habitants % Where is Milan, the silk market of Lom- 
! bardy % Mantua % Verona, noted for its silk manufac- 
I' tures ? Padua, for its university ? Austerlitz, for the 
! battle, gained by the French, under Bonaparte, over the 
; combined Austrian and Russian armies, December 2nd, 
| 1805 % Prague, the capital of Bohemia, one of the most 
!; important manufacturing and commercial towns in Aus- 
j tria % Innspruck % Troppau ? Brunn 1 Cracow % 
! Pesth and Buda ? Salzburg'? Zara? Lintz 1 Presburg? 
! Trieste, the principal seaport of Austria and South 
j Germany 1 Eger ? Gratz ? Trent, noted for the great 
I ecclesiastical council of 1545 % Hermanstadt % Clausen- 
i| burg % Carlstadt 1 Olmutz, noted for its strong for- 
tress in which Lafayette was imprisoned in 17941 



LESSON XLVL 

MAP OF EUROPE. AND OF CENTRAL 
EUROPE. 

KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA. 

By what kingdom is -Prussia divided? What is the 
population of Prussia? Bound East Prussia. What 
three provinces are marked on the map 1 What two not 
included in Germany lie east of these? Ans. Prussia 
proper, east of Pomerania and Brandenburgh, along the 
Baltic ; and Posen, or Prussian Poland, south of Prussia 
proper. 

What Province between Brandenburgh and Hanover % 
Ans. Saxony. What Swiss Canton is "claimed by Prus- 



84 moss's questions. 

sia? Am. Neuchatel. Bound West Prussia. What 
two Provinces in West Prussia ? 

Cities. — What is the capital of Prussia, and how is it 
situated ? Where is Magdeburg, a large inland commer- 
cial town ? Breslau, the second city in Prussia in im- 
portance, and the greatest wool market in Germany ? 
Frankfort ? Stettin, the chief seaport of Prussia ? Pots- 
dam ? Brandenburgh? Posen? Dantzick, an important 
seaport ? Konigsberg, the seat of a university ? Cologne, 
noted for its cathedral, trade, and manufacture of Cologne 
water ? Aix la Chapelle, for the great treaty of 1748 % 
Coblentz, for its strong fortifications'? Elberfeld, the 
greatest manufacturing town in Prussia; noted for its silk 
and cotton goods, and for its dyeing establishments? 
Dusseldorf, for the celebrated gallery of paintings bearing 
its name? Wosel? Saarlouis? Treves? 

KINGDOM OF HANOVER. 

Bound it. What is its population ? 

Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated ? 
Where is Embden, an important commercial city ? 
Osnaburg ? Gottingen, noted for its university, and other 
literary institutions ? Lunenburg, for its salt works ? 
Soltan ? 

KINGDOM OF SAXONY. 

Bound Saxony. What is its population? 

Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated? 
Where is Meissen, noted for its manufacture of " Dresden 
China?" Leipsic, next to Hamburg, the most commercial city 
of Germany; and the great German book mart? Freiburg, 
noted for its extensive silver mines ? Bautzen, for its 
manufacture of linen, paper, and leather ? 

KINGDOM OF BAVARIA. 

Bound Bavaria. On which bank of the Rhine does a 
portion of it lie ? What is its population ? 

Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated? 



85 

[Munich is, on account of its literary institutions, called 
the Athens of South Germany. Its galleries of paintings 
are among the most extensive and valuable in the world.] 
Where is Augsburg ? Wurzburg ? Nuremburg, the most 
important trading and manufacturing town in Bavaria % 
Bayreuth'? Passau? Wasserburg? Weitheim'? Ingol- 
stadt % Anspack •? Bamberg % Spire % 

KINGDOM OF WIRTEMBERG. 

Bound Wirtemberg. What is its population ? 
Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated ? 
Where is Ulm % Heilbronn ! Esslingen ? Reutlingen ? 



LESSON XLVII. 

MAP OF CENTRAL EUROPE. 

GRAND DUCHY OF BADEN. 

Bound Baden. On which bank of the Rhine does it lie ? 
What is its population 1 

Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated 1 
Where is Freiburg, the seat of a university ? Manheim ? 
Heidelburg? [noted for the ruins of its strong castle, in one 
of the cellars of which is the celebrated Heidelburg tun, a 
wine cask which is capable of holding 800 hhds. of wine?} 
Baden (usually styled Baden Baden), on account of its 
hot springs, one of the most frequented watering places 
in Germany % Constance % 

GRAND DUCHY OF OLDENBURG. 

What kingdom nearly surrounds Oldenburg ? What 
other territories are embraced in the Grand Duchy'? Ans. 
The principality of Lubec, near the city of tne same 
name, surrounded by Holstein; and the principality of 
Birkenfeld, near the city of Treves. [These two princi- 
palities are each marked XIX on the map.] 
8 



86 moss's questions. 

What is the population of the Grand Duchy of Olden- 
burg 1 What is its capital, and how is it situated ? Where 
is Kniphausen 1 

GRAND DUCHY OF HESSE, OR HESSE DARMSTADT. 

What two rivers intersect this Grand Duchy % What 
countries surround it ? What is its population % 

Cities. — What* is its capital, and how is it situated 1 
Where is Mentz, or Mayence, which contains the strong- 
est fortress in Germany, and is noted as the birth-place of 
Guttenberg, the inventor of the art of printing % Where 
is Giessen, noted for its literary institutions % 

GRAND DUCHY OF S AXE-WEIMAR. 

By what countries is it surrounded ? What is its 
population % What is its capital, and how is it situated ? 
Where is Jena, noted for the terrible battle of the 14th of 
October, 1806, gained by the French, under Napoleon, 
over the Prussians, in which the latter lost in killed and 
prisoners upwards of 20,000 men ? On what river does 
the other portion of the duchy lie % 

GRAND DUCHY OF MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN. 

Bound this duchy. What is its population V 

Cities. — What is its capital, and how is it situated 1 

What two commercial towns in the north % What town 

in the south % 

GRAND DUCHY OF MECKLENBURG-STRELTTZ. 

How is it bounded % What is its population * Bor- 
dering on what sea, of the Grand Duchy is the principal- 
ity of Ratzeburg, a detached portion of the Grand Du- 
chy % What is the capital, and in which territory is it 2 

DUCHY OF NASSAU. 

Bound Nassau. On what two rivers does it lie 1 



87 

What is its population % On what river is Wiesbaden, 
the capital, noted lor its mineral waters ? 

DUCHY OF SAXE-MEININGEN-HILDBURGHAUSEN. 

By what territories is this duchy surrounded ? What 
is its population 1 [Its capital is Meiningen.] 

DUCHY OF SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA. 

How is this duchy separated % What is the name of 
its western division ? Ans. Duchy Coburg. Of its 
eastern division % Ans. Duchy Gotha. What is the 
capital of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and in which province is 
it ? What is the population of the duchy % [Prince 
Albert, the husband of the Queen of England, is a native 
of this duchy.] 

DUCHY OF SAXE-ALTENBURG. 

Where is it situated % What is its capital and chief 
town % What is the population of the duchy % 

DUCHY OF ANHALT-BERNBURG. 

Where is this duchy 1 How many divisions are 
there % What is the capital, and in which division is it \ 

DUCHY OF ANHALT-DESSAU. 

What river intersects this duchy ? By what kingdom 
is it nearly surrounded % What is its capital, and how 
is it situated ? 

DUCHY OF ANHALT-COTHEN. 

Between what two duchies does this lie % What is 
its population % What is its capital % [Since 1847 this 
duchy has been under the common government of the 
Duchies of Bernburg and Dessau.] 



88 



LESSON XLVIir. 

MAP OF CENTRAL EUROPE. 

DANISH GERMANY, OR THE DUCHIES OF HOLSTEIN AND 
LAUENBURG. 

With what crown are these duchies connected ? Ans. 
Denmark. What river forms the south-western boundary'? 
From what kingdom does it separate them? What grand 
duchy on the southeast ? What sea on the west T On the 
east ? What is the population of Holstein ? Where is Lau- 
enburg situated % Ans. In the southeast, bordering on 
Holstein and Mecklenburg, and separated from Hanover 
by the Elbe. What is its population ! Ans. 47,000. 
[For cities, see Denmark.] 

DUCHV OF BRUNSWICK. 

How many divisions of this duchy are marked on the 
map ? By what kingdom is it nearly surrounded 1 What 
is its population ? What is its capital, and on a branch 
of what river is it situated ? 

GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBURG. 

Where is this duchy situated % What is its popula- 
tion % Between what two kingdoms has it been divided % 
Which has the eastern half ? Which the western 1 In 
which division is Luxemburg, the capital, noted for its 
fortress % 

ELECTORATE OF HESSE, OR HESSE-CASSEL. 

What countries surround it ? What is its population 1 
Cities. — What is its capital, and where is it situated ? 
Where is Fulda, noted for its linen and other manufac- 
tures % Where is Hanau, noted for the battle between the 
allied Austrian and Bavarian armies, and the French army 
under Napoleon, in which the former were defeated with 
a loss of 10,000 men'? [It was from Hesse-Cassel that 



moss's questions. 89 

the British government obtained the "Hessians" who 
fought against the Americans during the Kevolution.] 

LANDGRAVIATE OF HESSE, OR HESSE-HOMBURG. 

This small monarchy consists of two territories sepa- 
rated from each other by the Duchy of Nassau. The 
united area is but 128 square miles. Homburg, the resi- 
dence of the landgrave, is a few miles north of Frank- 
fort-on-the-Mayne ; it is noted as a watering-place. The 
western division of the Landgraviate is on the left bank 
of the Rhine, bordering on the western territories of 
Prussia, Bavaria, and Oldenburg. 

PRINCIPALITIES. 

Where is the Principality of Liechtenstein, the small- 
est of the German States ? What is its population 1 [Its 
capital is Leichtenstein.] 

Where is the Principality of Waldeck 1 Into how 
many sections is it divided 1 Ans. Two ; one marked on 
the map, and the other about thirty miles north of it. 
What is its population 1 Where is Arolsen, its capital ? 
What other town in the Principality ? 

Where are the Principalities of Reuss % . What are 
their names 1 What is the population of each % What 
is the capital of Reuss-Greiz, and on a branch of what 
river is it situated 1 What is the capital of Russ-Schleiz 1 
Ans. Schleiz. What other town in this Principality 1 

Where are the Principalities of Schwarzburg % What 
is the name of the northern one % Of the southern ? 
What is the population of Saundershausen % What is 
its capital? What is the population of Rudolstadt'? 
What is its capital ? Ans. Rudolstadt. 

Where is the Principality of Lippe-Detmold 1 What 
is its population % What is its capital % 

Where is the Principality of Schaumbtjrg-Lippe ? On 
what river is it situated 1 What is its population ? What 
is its capital % Ans. Bueckeburg. 
8* 



90 moss's questions. 

Where are the Principalities of Hohenzollern % What 
is the capital of Hohenzollern- Sigmaringen, and on 
what river is it ? What is the population of the Princi- 
pality 1 What other towns does it contain % What is 
the population of the Principality of Hohenzollern- 
Hechingen 1 What is its capital ? 

FREE CITIES. 

Where is Frankfort, the former capital of Germany 1 
What is its population % How large is the territory of 
this city % Ans. 42J square miles. 

Where is Lubec ? What is its population ? How 
many square miles in its territory ? Ans. 117J. 

Where is Hamburg, the chief commercial city of 
Germany ? What is its population ? What is the area 
of its territory % Ans. 106 J square miles. What ter- 
ritory (on the Elbe, southeast of Hamburg) has Hamburg 
in common with Lubec ? Ans. Bergedorf. 

Where is Bremen, the next German commercial city to 
Hamburg, noted as the European terminus of a line of New 
York steamships 1 On both sides of what river does it 
lie i What is its population % What is the area of its 
territory ? Ans. 106J square miles'? 



LESSON XLIX. 
MAP OF AFRICA. 



Bound Africa. What natural division is it? What 
prevents it from being an island 1 With what other grand 
division is it connected % 

Capes, Islands, &c. — What is the most northern cape 
of Africa % Southern 1 Eastern ? Western ? What 
capes project into the Atlantic ? Into the Indian % 



91 

What cluster of islands west of Portugal ? What are 
their names, and to what eountry do they belong 1 What 
cluster southeast of these 1 What are their names, and 
to what country do they belong 1 What cluster south of 
these ? What are their names, and to what nation do 
they belong? What is the longitude and latitude of 
Ascension Island ? St. Helena ? To what nation do 
these islands belong ! For what is the latter one famous ? 
Ans. As the place of exile and death of Bonaparte. 
What large island east of Africa ? Where are the Co- 
moro islands ? What two noted islands east of Mada- 
gascar] To what nations do they belong ? What islands 
north of Madagascar ? What Portuguese islands in the 
Gulf of Guiana ? By whom was the passage around the 
Cape of Good Hope discovered'? Ans. By Vasco de 
Gama, a Portuguese navigator, in 1498. 

Mountains, &c. — What mountains in the north of 
Africa ? What is their length and height ? What moun- 
tains cross the centre from east to west ? How long and 
high are they ? What mountains in the south % How 
high are they ? What chain in the east ? In the west ? 
What is the length and width of the Great Desert? 
What is the northeastern portion called ? Where fc? the 
Nubian Desert ? Great Southern Desert ? 

Oceans, Seas, &c. — What ocean on the west of Africa ? 
What on the east ? What sea on the north 1 On the 
northeast? What archipelago on the east? What large 
gulf on the west ? What smaller gulfs ? What gulfs 
on the north ? What bays on the southeast ? On the 
west ? Where is the strait of Gibraltar, and what waters 
does it connect ? Babelmandel ? Mozambique channel ? 

Lakes and Rivers. — What lakes in Africa? Name 
the four largest rivers of Africa in the order of their 
size ? Where does the Nile rise, what course does it 
take, and where does it empty ? Niger ? Orange ? 
Senegal ? What rivers empty into the Atlantic ? Into 
the Indian ? 



92 moss's questions. 

TRAVELS. 

What would be your course, through what waters would 
you sail and near what islands and capes would you pass 
in a voyage from Cairo to Suez ? Alexandria to Mocha % 
Tunis to Socotra Island ? Algiers to Port Natal ? Cape 
Town to Cabes % Tangier to Comoro Islands ? Monro- 
via to Damietta % 



LESSON L. 

MAP OF AFRICA. 

Barbary States. — Which are the Barbary States 1 
What part of Africa do they occupy 1 Which is the 
most eastern 1 western ? What is their population % 
Why are they called the Barbary States % Ans. From 
the name of their ancient inhabitants, the Berbers. 

morocco. 

Bound Morocco — Cities. — What is its capital 1 
Where is Tangier % Mogadore, a noted seaport ? Fez, 
noted for its Morocco leather, and as an ancient seat of 
learning 1 Mequinez % Noun % Salee % Santa Cruz 1 

ALGERIA, OR ALGIERS. 

Bound Algiers. — To what European nation does it 
now belong % Ans. To France. 

Cities. — What is its capital 1 Where is Constantina 1 
What other towns in Algiers ? By what name was the 
northern part of Algiers known in ancient geography ? 
Ans. Numidia. 

TUNIS. 

Bound Tunis. — Cities. — What is its capital 1 Where 
is Kairvan, anciently a seat of Arabian literature 1 



moss's questions. 93 

Cabes 1 Where did Carthage, the mighty rival of Rome, 
formerly stand ? Ans On the coast of the peninsula 
north of the city of Tunis. 

TRIPOLI. 

Which is the most eastern of the Barbary States ? 

Bound Tripoli. — Cities. — What is its capital, and how 
is it situated % What other town in Tripoli % What 
province ofi the east % What is the capital of Barca ? 
Where is Bengazi 1 What town on the south % What 
province south of Tripoli % What natural division is 
Fezzan % What is its capital city ? What town on the 
caravan route between it and Tripoli ? 



Bound Egypt. — Cities, &c. — What is its capital, and 
how is it situated ? What is its population ? What 
commercial city on the northwest, named from its distin- 
guished founder 1 What towns east of this last 1 
Where is Thebes, noted for the extent and magnificence 
of her ruined temples and palaces % What other towns 
on the Nile ? Where is the oasis of Siouvah (Sivah), 
noted for its temple of Jupiler Ammon % What other 
oases in Egypt % What seaport at the head of the Red 
Sea ? [This port was anciently connected with the Nile 
by a canal, the remains of which are still visible. It 
has been proposed, and will probably soon be carried 
into effect, to re-open this canal, and thus form a short 
and direct water communication between Europe and the 
Indies.] What tributary province on the south of Egypt 1 
What are its divisions % What cities does it eontain, 
and how are they situated ? What desert between the 
Nile and the Red Sea % 

Rivers. — What are the branches of the Nile % How 
far above the mouth of the Nile is its first branch % Ans. 
About 1200 miles. 



94 moss's questions. 

abyssinia. i 

This country, like Italy, Arabia, and most of the coun-[ 
tries of Africa, has merely a geographical existence. ,; 
Though formerly a powerful empire, it is now split up ,, 
into many petty kingdoms, which are continually at war| f 
with each other. How is Abyssinia bounded ? What J 
towns does it contain % What mountains extend into it % ' 
What small lake in Abyssinia % 

BERBERA. 

By what general name are the countries between' 
Abyssinia and the Indian Ocean, known % Name these j 
countries. 



ZANGUEBAR. 

What countries south of Berbera % What towns does!! 
it contain % What islands on the coast % 

I 



LESSON II. 

MAP OF AFRICA. 

MOZAMBIQUE. 

Bound Mozambique. What European nation claims f 
it % Ans. Portugal. What settlements on the coast I 
Which of these is the capital % What use do the Portu-j 
guese make of this country % Ans. From it they obtain; 
slaves, which are sold in Brazil and Arabia. 

i 

SOUTH AFRICA. 

By what nation is nearly the whole of the country! 
lying south of Mozambique, and between the Indian and| 
Atlantic oceans claimed % Ans. The English. What[ 
are the divisions of it as marked on the map % What| 



95 

I important river in South Africa % What mountains ? 

S Into what ocean does the Cape of Good Hope project % 

\ What cape southeast, the most southern land of Africa ? 

j What is the capital of Cape Colony, and how is it 

I situated ? What towns on the south coast % What is 

| the population of the colony ? What two small bays on 

the western coast % What one on the southeast 1 What 

town in CarTraria % In South Africa 1 By what names 

are the natives of South Africa known ? What city in 

South America has the same latitude as Cape L'Agulhas ? 

. MADAGASCAR. 

What large island off the east coast of Africa % In 
'what ocean is it 1 What channel separates it from 
Mozambique % What Archipelago on the north % What 
is the population of the Kingdom of Madagascar % What 
is the capital 1 What other towns does it contain 1 
How long is the island % What cape north % What 
cape south ? What cape southwest ? 

ETHIOPIA. 

By what name are the southern, interior regions of 
Africa known 1 Are we well acquainted with this 
country ? By what tribes are the parts of which we 
have some little knowledge inhabited % What large 
lake and tributary river has been recently discovered in 
the south, by a British missionary % Ans. Lake Ngami, 
and the Zonga river. 

LOWER GUINEA. 

What is the country called which is bounded on the 
north by the mountains of the Moon, east and south by 
Ethiopia, and west by the Atlantic % What kingdom in 
the south ? What settlement have the Portuguese on 
the coast % [The most of the towns on the coast are 
Portuguese slave marts.] What kingdom north of Ben- 
guela 1 What is its capital % What is the capital of 



96 moss's questions. 

Congo % Of Loango % What other town on the coast 1 
What "countries in Lower Guinea, north of Loango ? 



Bound Guinea. What kingdoms does it comprise % 
Which is the most eastern % What is the capital of 
Benin, and how is it situated ? What extensive kingdom 
in the west % What is the capital of Ashantee, and how 
is it situated ? What mountains on the north ? What 
town among these mountains ? What kingdom between 
Benin and Ashantee % What is the capital of Dahomey % 
Near what gulf is it % What is the principal river of 
Guinea 1 Where does it rise, what course does it take, 
and where does it empty *? How long is it? Where is 
the Gold Coast ? The Ivory Coast 1 What settlement 
have the English on the Gold Coast % Ans. Cape Coast 
Castle. 



What republic of liberated American slaves, west of 
Guinea % What is its capital, and how is it situated % 
What other towns besides Monrovia does it contain % 
What British liberated slave colony northwest of Libe- 
ria % What is its capital % 

SENE GAMBIA. 

Bound Sene Gambia. What two European govern- 
ments have settlements on or near the coast % Ans. The 
French and English. Where are the French settlements % 
Ans. Between the Senegal and Gambia rivers. What is 
their capital % Where are the English settlements 1 Ans. 
On and near the Gambia river. Where is Bathurst the 
capital ? What other towns in Sene Gambia I What 
desert on the north ? From what do you think the name 
Sene Gambia is formed % How long is the Senegal river 1 
What islands off Cape Verde ! 



97 



SOUDAN. 



By what name is Central Africa known % What 
mountains form its southern boundary ? What forms its 
northern. % What country on the east % On the west 1 
What two large rivers have their sources in Soudan % 
Where do these rivers empty % What lake in the north % 
Name the kingdoms in Soudan. What large towns on 
the Niger and its branches 1 Which one of these is 
noted for its trade, and as the grand terminus of the 
caravan routes from the north ? What towns on or near 
Lake Tchad ? What towns in the eastern part of Soudan ? 
By what other name is Soudan known ? Ans. Nigritia. 



LESSON in. 

MAP OF ASIA. 

ASIA. 

Bound Asia. How does it rank with the other grand 
divisions of the earth 1 Ans. It is the largest in size, 
and contains the most inhabitants. 

Capes, Islands, &c. — Into what waters do the capes 
project ? What is the most northern cape of Asia ? What 
other capes on the north % What is the most eastern cape % 
What other capes on the east % What cape south of Hin- 
dostan % Where is the Malay Peninsula % Corea ! 
Kamtschatka % Can you trace out any other peninsulas in 
Asia % North East C % C. Sviatoi ? C. Chelagskoi 1 
East C % C. Navarin % L. Lopatka? C. Engano ? C. Ne- 
grais? C. Comorin'? Dondra Hd.'? By what waters 
are the islands surrounded % Where are the Japan 
islands % W T hich is the largest and most important 1 
Name the others 1 Where are the Philippine is- 
lands 1 To what nation do these belong i Ans. To 
9 



98 moss's questions. 

Spain ? Which is the largest of the group ? Which 
ranks next in size ? On which island is Manilla the cap- 
ital of the Philippines ? What large island south-west 
of this group ? How does it rank among the islands of 
the world? Ans. Next to Australia. What European 
kingdom has acquired a sovereignty over a large portion 
of this island ? Ans. Holland. What towns in Borneo % 
What large island east ? What town is the capital of the 
Dutch settlements ? What island, noted for its coffee, 
6outh of Borneo 1 To what nation does this belong ? 
Ans. To the Dutch. What is the capital? What im- 
portant island north-west of Java, noted for its pepper ? 
What European nation has settlements in Sumatra ? 
Ans. The Dutch. In what Grand Division are all of the 
above islands excepting the Japan ? Ans. Oceanica. 
What islands on the coast of China? What British 
island, south of Hindostan, noted for its cinnamon? 
What islands north of Siberia? What one south of 
Arabia ? What two clusters south-west of Hindostan ? 

Mountains. — What two chains of mountains separate 
Europe from Asia ? In what directions do they run, and 
how long and high are they ? What mountains in Tur- 
key ? What noted one in the northeast ? What at the 
head of the Red Sea, in Arabia ? What mountains be- 
tween Siberia and the" Chinese Empire? What is the 
length and height of the Altay ? Where are the 
Himmalah mountains, the highest in the world ? How 
iong and high are they ? What is the name of their 
highest peak ? Ans. Dhawalageri. What mountains in 
the southwest of Hindostan? In which countries are 
deserts marked ? What is the character of the Persian 
desert l 



99 



LESSON ML 
MAP OF ASIA. 



Ocean, Seas, &c. — What ocean on the north 1 On the 
east ? On the south ? What sea on the north-west ? 
What two on the north-east ? Where is the Japan Sea ? 
Yellow ? Sea of Arabia'? Red Sea? Black Sea/? 
Mediterranean ? Java ? Sea of Celebes ? Where is 
the Persian Gulf? Gulf of Oman? Bay of Bengal? 
Gulf of Siam? Tonquin ? Manar ? Anadir? Obi? 

Straits. — What waters are connected, and countries 
separated by the Strait of Babelmandel ? Malacca ? 
Sunda ? Macassar ? Corea ? Sangar ? Behrings ? 
(What is the width of this strait ?) Channel of Tartary; ? 

Lakes and Rivers. — What large salt lakes, or seas, in 
the west ? How long is the Caspian Sea ? Sea of Aral ? 
What other large lake in Tartary ? What large lake in 
the south of Siberia ? What lakes in the Chinese Em- 
pire? What large river forms part of the boundary be- 
tween Asia and Europe ? Where does the Ural rise, 
what direction does it take, and where does it empty, and 
how long is it? Sihon ? Obi? Yenesei ? Olensk? 
Lena ? Amour ? Hoang Ho ? Yang tse Kiang ? Cam- 
bodia ? Irrawaddy ? Burrampooter ? Ganges ? Indus ? 
Euphrates? Tigris? 

TRAVELS. 

Through what waters, and near what islands and 
capes would you pass in a voyage from the mouth of 
Obi R. to Suez ? Northeast C. to Bagdad ? Bombay 
to Nova Zembla ? East C. to Madras ? Jeddo to Mocha ? 
Canton to Bushire ? Bankok to Cambay ? Calcutta to 
Manilla ? Batavia to Behring's Strait ? Ceylon to I. of 
Jesso ? 



100 MOSS'S QUESTIONS. 



POLITICAL DIVISIONS. 

Name the Political Divisions of Asia. Which is the 
most northern % eastern ? western % southern ? Which 
border on the Pacific V Indian ? Which on Europe ? 
Africa ? 

SIBERIA. 

Bound Siberia. Of what empire is it a part % What 
is it chiefly used for by Russia % Ans. As a place of ex- 
ile, for those persons who have fallen under the dis- 
pleasure of the government. In what two zones does 
lie ? What is its population 1 How is Tobolsk, the 
capital of West Siberia situated % Where is Yakutsk, 
noted for its fur trade ? Irtousk (properly Irkutsk) the 
capital of Eastern Siberia, noted for its trade with China 
and Russia ? 

CHINESE EMPIRE. 

Bound the Chinese Empire. What are its divisions ? 

Cities. — What is the capital, and how is it situated ? 
What is its population'? What celebrated structure is 
near it 1 How long and how high is it % What large city 
near the mouth of the Yangtse Kiang % Where is Canton, 
noted for its trade in teas, and silks; and as being the 
chief port open to European and American commerce? 
On what island is the Portuguese city of Macao ? What 
other large cities in China i What is the population of 
China ? What is the capital of Thibet 1 What cities in 
Chinese Tartary % 



moss's questions. 101 

LESSON LIV. 

MAP OF ASIA. 

INDIA. 

What extensive country south of the Chinese Empire ? 
What river forms its western boundary ? What is that 
portion of it lying between the Indus and Burrampooter 
rivers called ? What mountains form its northern 
boundary. What natural division is it? What three 
empires are embraced in the eastern portion of India ? 
What natural division does this division form ? 

EMPIRE OF ANAM. 

Bound Anam. What is its population? What is its 
capital, and how is it situated ? What three divisions 
has this empire ? Ans. Tonquin, in the north ; Cochin 
China, in the east j and Cambodia in the south. What 
town in the north, the chief town of Tonquin 1 What 
town in the southeast, the chief town of Cambodia 1 What 
is the population of the empire % What is the name 
and length of its principal river ? 

EMPIRE OF SIAM. 

Bound Siam. What is its population ? What penin- 
sula on the south ? How much of this peninsula is 
claimed by Siam % Ans. To the sixth degree of south 
latitude. What British colony and town of the same 
name on the southwestern part of the peninsula? What 
large commercial city, belonging to Great Britain, on a 
small island at the extremity of the peninsula ? What 
is the capital of Siam, and how is it situated 1 What 
town north of it ? What British town northwest of this 
last? 

9* 



102 moss's questions. 



EMPIRE OF BIRMAH. 

Bound Birmah. What is its population ? What is its 
capital, and how is it situated % What town northeast % 
What seaport on the south % What town north of it % 
What large river in Birmah % How long is it 1 

HINDOSTAN. 

Bound Hindostan. What is its population % To what 
government is it mostly subject ? Ans. The English. 
How is that part of Hindostan, directly under the control 
of the English, divided? Ans. Into the three pre- 
sidencies of Bengal, Madras, and Bombay. 

Bengal occupies the northeastern part, and includes 
the British settlements in Birmah and Siam ; Madras oc- 
cupies the southeastern ; and Bombay the western part. 

Cities. — What is the capital of Bengal, and the resi- 
dence of the Governor General of British India 1 How 
is it situated ? What is the capital of Madras, and how 
is it situated % Of Bombay, and how is it situated ? 
Where is Delhi, the ancient capital of the Great Mogul 
empire 1 What large city north 1 What cities on the 
Ganges and its branches ? Where is Hydrabad % 
Poonah ? Nagpoor ? Pondicherry, the capital of the 
French settlements at Hindostan % Benares the Mecca of 
the Hindoos % Goa, the capital of the Portuguese settle- 
ments ? Seringapatam % Man galore % Dacca? Cash- 
mere, noted for its beautiful shawls 1 What is the south- 
western coast called ? The southeastern % What large 
island south of Hindostan ? What two clusters south- 
west ? In what zones does Hindostan lie 1 



moss's questions. 103 

LESSON LV. 

MAP OF ASIA. 

BELOOCHISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN. 

Bound Beloochistan. What is its population ? What 
is the capital, and how is it situated ? What other towns 
in Beloochistan 1 

Bound Afghanistan. What is its population % (This 
country is divided into several small kingdoms, which 
are continually warring with each other.) What cities 
are marked as capitals'? What important city in the 
northeast. What city southwest of Caubul 1 What 
river and lake in Afghanistan % 

PERSIA. 

Bound Persia. What is its population ? What is the 
capital, and how is it situated ? Where is Ispahan the 
former capital % Balfroosh, noted for its commerce 1 
What city east of Balfroosh % What west ? What ports 
on the Persian Gulf % The ruins of what noted city in 
Persia % 

GEORGIA. 

What Russian Province occupies the southern part of 
the isthmus, between the Black and Caspian Seas ? What 
mountains separate it from Circassia on the north ? 
Where is Teflis the capital? What other towns in 
Georgia 1 What river 1 

independent tartary. 

Bound Independent Tartary. What is its popula- 
tion ? What lake or sea on the west ? What is its 



104 

length % What river does it receive on the northeast ? 
How long is it % What other salt lake in Independent 
Tartary ? How long is it % What large river does it 
receive from the east ? From the south f How long are 
these rivers ? What lake in the east ? What is its 
length ? What are the political divisions of this country 1 
What is the capital of Khokan, and how is it situated ? 
Of Bokhara ? Of Khiva ? Where is Samarcand noted 
for its former grandeur, and as the great seat of Asiatic 
learning ? What other towns in Independent Tartary % 

TURKEY. 

Bound Turkey. What is its population 1 What city 
is the capital of European and Asiatic Turkey ? How is 
it situated % What noted city in the southwest % What 
large city north % Where is Bagdad, an ancient capital of 
the Mohammedan empire 1 Smyrna 1 Aleppo ? Mosul 1 
(Opposite this city is the supposed site of ancient 
Nineveh.) Armasia? Bassora 1 Where is the island 
of Cyprus ? To what country does it helong ? Ans. To 
Egypt. What countries does Turkey comprise % Ans. 
Palestine, Syria and Armenia. What was the peninsula 
between the Black and Mediterranean Seas called 1 Ans. 
Asia Minor ? By what name is the Mediterranean coast 
of Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt known ? Arts. The 
Levant. 

ARABIA. 

Bound Arabia. What is its population ? How is 
Arabia connected with Africa % What natural division 
is Arabia ? What is the character of a large portion of 
its surface ? What cape on the southeast ? Into 
what sea does it project ? To what nation does the 
district Hedja belong 1 Ans. To Egypt. What towns 
does it contain'? What district south of Hedja'? 
What towns in Yemen % What district west of 



moss's questions. 105 

Hedja ? What towns does it 'contain ? What district 
south of Ned jed ? What towns in Oman ! Where is 
Mecca, noted as the birthplace of Mahomet, and for 
the pilgrimages of his followers ? Medina, as his place 
of burial ? What noted seaport on the Gulf of Oman ? 
What town, noted for its coffee, near the strait of Babel- 
mandel ? What seaport southeast of it belonging to the 
British? 



LESSON LVI. 
MAP OF OCEANICA. 

OCEANIC A. 

In what ocean is this grand division situated ? How 
long and wide is this ocean ? Between what other grand 
division is Oceanica ? Name its three divisions ? 

MALAYSIA. 

What does Malaysia comprise ? Arts. The Asiatic 
islands of Oceanica, or those lying between Australia and 
Asia. For what are these islands chiefly valuable ? 
Ans. For their spices. What Spanish group in the north ? 
What is their population ? Where are the Molucca or 
Spice Islands ? What noted island west of these 1 What 
is its population ? What other large island in the south of 
Malaysia ? What is the population of Borneo 1 Suma- 
tra ? Java? In what zone is Malaysia? What sea 
between Malaysia and China ? Between Java and Cele- 
bes? What archipelago between Borneo and the Phil li- 
pines ? Where is the strait of Malacca ? Sunda ? 

AUSTRALASIA. 

What part of Oceanica does Australasia occupy ? In 
what ocean does it lie ? What ocean on the west ? 
South? What large island or continent does it contain? 
To what government does it belong ? What is its popu-' 



106 

lation ? What capes on the north ? West 1 East ? 
South ? What rivers in the south 1 What are the divi- 
sions of Australia'? What parts do they occupy? 
What colony in tr.e southwest ? What towns does it con- 
tain ? What town in New South Wales 1 What town 
in South Australia, near Bass strait % What noted island 
south of Australia ? What towns does it contain % 
What is its population ? What use has England, to a 
great extent, made of these islands ? .4ns. To colonize 
her convicts. What large island north of Australia'? 
What clusters of islands northeast of Australia? What 
large islands southeast of Australia? What are their 
native names ? What are they called by the British set- 
tlers ? Am. The northern one, New Ulster; the southern 
New Minister; and the small island south (Stewart's 
Island), New Leinster. What is the capital of New Zea- 
land ? Ans. Auckland, on New Ulster. Where is Nor- 
folk Island, a penal settlement of England ! What lan< 
is indented by the Gulf of Carpentaria 1 What wate 
are connected and land separated by Bass strait ? Torre* 
Cook's % What sea between New Hebrides and Australia 

POLYNESIA. 

What part of Oceanica does Polynesia occupy ? What 
great circle divides it into Northern and Southern Poly- 
nesia ? 

NORTHERN POLYNESIA. 

Where are the Caroline islands 1 What islands com- 
pose this group % Where are the Sandwich islands ? 
What islands in this group ? On which was Capt. Cook 
killed ? Where are the Ladrone islands % Mulgrave ? 
Where is Anson's archipelago? Magellan's archipelago ? 
Where are Christmas, New York, and America islands ! 

SOUTHERN POLYNESIA. 

Where are the Washington islands ! Marquesas ? 
King George's 1 Society I Hervey % Navigators' ? 



107 

Feejee ? How many islands in this group 1 Friendly ! 
Where is Pitcairn's island, and for what is it noted? 
What groups north of the Navigators' ? What group 
north off Pitcairn's ? What group is crossed hy the 
equator'? Where is Queen Charlotte's archipelago'? 
Central ? 

What is said of Oceanica at the bottom of the map ? 
What continent has recently been discovered near the 
South Wales'? 



LESSON LVII. 

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. 

MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. 

What are the latitude and longitude of New York ? 
Washington ? Boston ? New Haven ? Charleston ? 
Savannah? New Orleans'? Cincinnati 1 ? St. Louis'? 
San Francisco ? Oregon City ? The southern extremity 
of Florida'? Northern extremity of Maine'? North- 
western extremity of the United States ? Quebec ? 

MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. 

Rio Janeiro ? Caraccas ? Quito ? Lima ? Buenos 
Ayres % Cape Horn ? Cape Galenas ? Cape St. Roque % 
Cape Blanco % 

MAP OF EUROPE. 

London ? Lands End ? Duncansby Head ? Paris ? 
Madrid? Rome? Gibraltar? Berlin? Vienna? Co- 
penhagen ? North Cape ? 

MAP OF AFRICA. 

Cape Bon? Cape L'Agulhas ? Cape Guardafui? 
Cape Verde ? Cairo ? Monrovia ? (What spot on this 
map has neither latitude nor longitude ? Why ?) 



108 



MAP OF ASIA. 

Northeast Cape % Singapore ? Western extremity 
of Turkey? East Cape? Calcutta? Canton? Pekin ? 
Jerusalem ? Mecca ? 

MAP OF OCEANICA. 

Owyhee ? Behring's Strait ? Borneo ? Sidney ? Mar- 
quesas ? Hobart Town ? 



LESSON LVIII. 

How would you sail from New York to London ? Ans. 
I would sail down New York Bay, through the strait 
called " The Narrows j" by the cape, called " Sandy 
Hook;" into the Atlantic ocean ; across the Atlantic to the 
English Channel ; through the English Channel, and the 
Strait of Dover to the Thames river ; and up the Thames 
to London. From New York to Canton ? Boston to St. 
Petersburg ? Boston to Calcutta ? Baltimore to Vienna ? 
Baltimore to Monrovia? Philadelphia to Glasgow? 
Philadelphia to Rome ? Charleston to Cairo ? Cincin- 
nati to Buffalo ? St. Louis to San Francisco ? New 
Orleans to Havre ? Constantinople to New York ? New 
York to the Sandwich Islands? Galway to New Zea- 
land ? Liverpool to Hobart's Town ? Bristol to Edin- 
burgh ? Copenhagen to Iceland ? Portsmouth (Eng.) to 
Singapore ? Odessa to New Archangel ? Rio Janeiro to 
Valparaiso ? Panama to Chagres ? Bagdad to Smyrna ? 
New London to Juan Fernandez ? Savannah to Cape 
Town? Stockholm to Elba? Amsterdam to Batavia ? 
Lisbon to Lyons? Venice to Belfast? Suez to Alex- 
andria ? Syracuse to Berlin ? Hull to Archangel ? 
Southampton to Alexandria ? New York to Bremen ? 



